An information system serves for to the computer-aided collection, storage, processing, care, analysis, use, spreading, arrangement, transmission and announcement of information.

It consists of hardware (computer or computer network), data base (EN), software, data and all their applications (extends 1994 after Bill and FIG 1990).

Information systems are soziotechnische systems, which serve from subsystems for optimal supply of information and (more technically) communication. This description leaves much clearance to interpretations.

It aims rather at operational information systems off, is however applicable under restriction also for spacereferred or personal information systems (e.g. GIS, LIS, land register, statistics systems etc.). Krcmars short description points out that a technical system can alone hardly inform. The technical system is only intermediary of information between information suppliers and information customers.

Communication necessary for it is limited in general to technical procedures, without dealing with the persons taken part in it more strongly. This can avoid problems of interhuman communication, but also cause and/or conscious-make such. Kubicek et. aluminium means: "Information systems offer information on call for certain target groups. ".

After Heinrich et al. Economical informatics encyclopedia: Humans/a task/a technique system for the information and communication. Each system is subject to a purpose or several purposes, those by term additives to be expressed (e.g. traffic system, utility system, social system). The additives information and communication, which are two sighting on the same object and which therefore make it necessary to regard they in an information and a communication system connected express the purposes of this specific system. The relations between the elements humans, task and technology describes their mutual influence. The whole of all efforts to arrange in a given context from these elements and their relations an information and a communication system becomes as system planning bez. (Systems., however restricting, system development, system organization and - become outdated - systems analysis). Depending on, which kind of task (e.g. operational task) is element of an information and a communication system, further additives are used for the marking of its specific purpose (e.g. operational information and communication system). Synonymously and as abbreviation: Informationssytem, frequently is used also application system synony<m (however not applicable, there restricting).

Formal description

An information system IS can be formally described as 7-Tupel:

IS = (A, W, Q, I, E, U, D), also

1. A: Input function for the setting up the internal representations (development function, learning function)
2. W: Internal representations (document quantity, knowledge base)
3. Q: Input quantity as quantity of all certified input configurations (formulation of problem, search query)
4. I: Output function (inference function, retrieval function, Rankingfunktion)
5. E: Output quantity as quantity of all possible output configurations (problem solution, system proposal)
6. U: Update function of the internal representations (learning function, relevance feedback)
7. D: Interaction component, interface

Questions

There is a controversy over the question whether during the view of systems humans and technology must be regarded as equivalent.

For this question it is not insignificant, to what extent an information system deals with the needs of the users. This is connected among other things with the following aspects:

• Did a systems analysis precede the concept, which seizes these needs and after possibility in the model considered
• (Are) were the data offerers and data user capable of and of will to formulate these
• (To have) did the programmers have a conception of the way of thinking and the technical languages of the user
• As the technical and emotional load of the users is with that
  • Work with the information system,
  • when supplementing or updating the data,
  • during communication regarding these
• Is the distinction between source data and secondary datas (aggregated, etc. generalizes) sufficiently guaranteed, in order to make professional interpretations
• Is it possible to supplement software and/or modules of the system by later modelling
• ...

Since information systems are models of (material) phenomenon ranges, they possess like all models and inakkurate ranges, in particular if a dynamic phenomenon range is subordinated, what to outdated model ranges lead can. There is necessarily therefore update and adaptation functions, in order to adapt such model characteristics, whereby relevance feedback procedures are for this an example class.

Kinds of information systems

• Operational information system
• Integrated information system
• Information retrieval system
• Data base system
• Passenger information system
• Commercial information system
• Interorganisation system
• Personal information system
• Produktionsplanung-und Produktionssteuerungsystem
• Spacereferred info. system (RIS)
• Land and/or geo information system (land information system, GIS)
  • Environmental information system
• Question answer system
• Analytic information system
• Management information system (MIS)
• Personal information systems
• Expert system
• Knowledge management system
• Network information systems, route planner etc.
• Groupware
• DATA Warehouse system
• Research information system (FORIS)
• Technological information system (TIS)
• Planning information system (PLIS)
• Administrative information system (ADIS)
• Political information system (POLIS)
• Monitor system (MONIS)
• Legal information system (JIS)
• Citizen information system (TO)
• Simulation system (WINDSHIELD FRAME SECTION)
• Hospital information system (KIS)

Literature

• Armin gardner: Medical technology and information technology. Volume II, ISBN 3-8249-0941-3
• Becker, pure hard container: Commercial information systems. Talking LINE economics, 2004, ISBN 3-478-25590-2
• Lutz J. Heinrich: Information management. Oldenbourg science publishing house, since 1985, 8. Edition 2005, ISBN 3-486-57772-7
• Helmut Krcmar: Information management. Springer, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-540-66359-2
• Herbert Kubicek, Ulrich refuge, Volker Redder, Ulrich Schmid, Ingo Schumann, Wolfgang pigeon, heath rose Wagner: www.stadtinfo.de. A manual for the development of city information in the Internet. publishing house, Heidelberg 1997
• Jiri Panyr: Automatic classification and information retrieval. 1986
• Novel cutter: User-adaptive systems in the Internet. Informing and learning with GRAMMIS and ProGr@mm. Institut for German language, Mannheim 2004 ("amades" - row)
• VGI 1994: Proceedings of GeoLIS-3. Special edition "measurement & geo information." Vienna 1994

Articles in category "Information system (computer science)"

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