Hudsonbai society / Retail business

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The Hudsonbai society, closely. Hudson's Bay company (HBC), frz. Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson, is the oldest registered company in Canada and one the oldest world, still which exists today (2004). Of their headquarters of many years in York Factory to the Hudson Bay from controlled it some centuries long the skin trade North America British controlled in large parts. It undertook early investigations and worked in many areas of the continent as de facto Government, before the settlement began on a large scale. Their dealers and fur hunter develop promptly relations with many groups of Indians. Their network of commercial posts represented the core of the later official authorities in western Canada and the USA. In late 19. Century became their enormous territory the largest component of the again formed Dominion Canada, in which the society was the largest private land owner. With the fall of the fur trade the company developed to a commercial company, which sold vital goods to the settlers in the Canadian west. Today the society is well-known for their department stores in completely Canada.

History

Early years

In 17. The Frenchmen a monopoly on the Canadian skin trade had century. Two French dealers however, jetty RH ESPRIT Radisson and of the Groseilliers, changed to the Englishmen and reported to them from a route to the rich commercial areas north and west the upper lake, those from the north by the Hudson Bay to be reached could instead of over country from new France. The Englishmen sent 1669 a successful expedition. To 2. May 1670 was created the Hudsonbai society with a royal document by Charles II. The document granted the monopoly on the trade with the Indians, in particular on the skin trade, to the enterprise in which area, which was watered by all rivers, which flowed into the Hudson Bay. This area admits as "Rupertsland", designated after the first director of the society, prince Ruprecht of the Pfalz. This area covered 3.9 millions km in the water catchment area of the Hudson Bay - more than one third today's Canada. It extended into the northern middle west of the USA. Exact borders were however in that time unknown.

The enterprise justified its first headquarters in away Nelson (later renamed in York Factory), at the delta of the Nelson in the today's northeast Manitoba. The place offered comfortable entrance to away over the expanded river systems of the Saskatchewan and talks to Rouge. At the south coast of the Hudson Bay in Manitoba and in the today's Ontario and Quebec soon further outguards were established. They were called "factories" and worked according to kind of the Dutch skin dealers in Nieuw Nederland. Into spring and summer the natives dealers, who settled the largest part of the actual trap placing, with the Kanu came to the Forts, in order to sell their skins there. In the exchange for it they got usually metallic tools and hunting weapons. This imported the society frequently from Germany, which was at that time the center for cheap production. This early model of the offshore "factories" stood contrary to the system of the Frenchmen, who established an extensive network of posts in the interior and sent dealers, who lived with the trunks of the region.

The conservative structure of the factory system disappointed the founders (Radisson and the Groseilliers) of the society, who penetrated on bolder study of the interior. 1674 changed it again to the Frenchmen and created 1682 "for La Compagnie you north ", in order to compete directly with the HBC. After into the 1680er years in Europe a war between England and France had broken out, both nations sent regularly expeditions, in order to attack and conquer skin commercial posts of the others. In March 1686 the Frenchmen under the Chevalier of the Troyes sent a combat patrol, who should take the outguards of the society along the James Bay over 1300 km. The Frenchmen appointed Pierre Le Moyne D' Iberville, which had proven extraordinary courage during the assaults, the commander of the conquered posts. 1687 befehligte D' Iberville a sea-assault on the headquarters of the society in York Factory. On the way to away defeated it in the battle of the bay of three ships of the Royal Navy. This was the largest sea-battle in the history of the North American arctic. D'Ibervilles exhausted French armed force conquered York Factory with a ruse: He besieged the away and aroused the appearance to have a much larger army. In the following decade York Factory changed the owner several times. With the peace of Utrecht it was surrendered 1713 finally to the Englishmen. Afterwards it builds the society again as star shaped away from clay bricks at the delta close convenient Hays of the River. This is this very day its location.

19. Century

The Hudsonbai society was combined 1821 with the northwest company by Their common territory was extended by a license by the northwest territories, which reached in the north up to the arctic ocean and in the west up to the Pacific. 1870 were abolished the trade monopoly and the trade in this region for each entrepreneur was opened. In addition the society lost Rupertsland, which was sold to the Canadian government.

Into the 1820er and the society of its headquarters in away Vancouver at the Columbia from almost the complete trade in the Oregon for 30's country controlled. Although the government authority was exercised nominal together over the area by the USA and Great Britain according to the anglo American agreement of 1818, it was the policy of the society under her leader John McLoughlin to actively discourage American settlements in the area. The effective trade monopoly of the society asked practically each settlement. Into the early 1840er years established it an outguard in away resound in the today's Idaho at the route of the Oregon Trail. The director/conductor of this outguard issued abandoned carts of discouraged settlers. The stranglehold of the society around this region broken by the first large car course, which reached 1843 Oregon under guidance of Marcus Whitman. In the following years thousands of settlers flowed into the Willamette valley. 1846 attained the USA the full force over most settled areas of the Oregon Country, those south 49. Degree of latitude lay. McLoughlin, which had rejected possible settlers once as a company director, was called it now by its department store in Oregon town center out welcomely. He was proclaimed later to the "father Oregons". The society has today no more operational readiness level in the northwest of the USA.

Modern activities

An aspect of the society were the shops of the Hudsonbai society, trading bases, which had been established in completely north Canada. Today this is the part of the activities of the society, in shape of department stores, remained only, which are called "The Bay "(English) and/or "La Baie "(frz.). Many of these shops were until recently the only one in remote localities. Lately many of these business were converted into fashion shops. 1991 did the Bay after protests of without the sales of skins, took this line of business however 1997. Groups of animal contactor he like "Freedom for Animals" lead campaigns, in order to stop the sales again.

Lately there were different rumors over the possible sales of The Bay among other things at US American companies.