By Hochseefischerei one understands fishing in coastalfar areas of the oceans. The borders of the Hochseefischerei to the are flowing and mainly from the size and the technical equipment of the fishing vessels dependent. In the ships with a length are used by up to 16 m, the Hochseefischerei required far larger fishing vessels. Not least with the qualification proofs for the captains into one "small Hochseefischerei "and one are divided "large Hochseefischerei ".

Small Hochseefischerei

With the small Hochseefischerei Hochseekutter are used, whose length amounts to approx. 18 m to 32 m during an engine performance from 300 to 600 HP. Four to six crew members are necessary. In the year 2005 were under German flag 31 Hochseekutter with 191 men crew in use.

The small Hochseefischerei becomes in Europe in the Baltic Sea, which North Sea as well as north the Shetland islands to 63"° northern latitude and 7"° of western length operated, furthermore in English channel and in the sea-area around Ireland to 10"° of western length. The travel duration amounts to per travel approximately 4 to 10 days (possibly also up to 14 days).

Large Hochseefischerei

Large Hochseefischerei one calls the fishery with large vehicles in removes for convenient catch areas. The catch area lies outside of the borders of the small Hochseefischerei and the This kind of the fishery is accomplished today with Trawlern and factory ships. Mostly for it "Vollfroster so mentioned is used ". In the year 2005 in Germany 9 Universalfroster and 3 special vehicles for swarm fishing (herring, Makrele and Holzmakrele) were used. The travel duration amounts to on the average 60 days.

In the year 2004 in the context of the large Hochseefischerei 52,834, 2 tons fish in the value of approximately 32 million euro of German fishing vessels were angelandet. That 62,188, 5 tons from the landing of the small Hochseefischerei and the faced. That means that the large Hochseefischerei makes meanwhile 45.9% available of entire sea-fishing.

Training

In the Federal Republic of Germany the qualifying certificates know "captain UC "(small Hochseefischerei) and "captain BG "(large Hochseefischerei) in the context of a federally uniform regulation to be acquired. Before must have been completed depending upon more accordingly lake or fishery-vocational training at least 12 to 48 months navigation time in the deck service on vehicles of the deep-sea fishing, afterwards there is a school advanced training at technical schools, regulated after federal state law. After their successful conclusion one gets the first qualifying certificate "nautical ship officer BKW "and/or "nautical ship officer BGW ". The afterwards necessary navigation time as a ship officer on vehicles of the deep-sea fishing amounts to 24 months, then one can acquire the qualifying certificate to the captain in the Hochseefischerei.

Agreement over the Hochseefischerei

Since the acceptance of the maritime law convention of the United Nations in the year 1982 the Hochseefischerei became an international problem. The convention gives the liberty to all states to operate for an unlimited period fishing. Coastal states, to which by the maritime law convention exclusive rights to use were granted, as for instance the exclusive right to fishing within a zone of 200 nautical miles before the respective coast, deplore however that by the Hochseefischerei the fishing yields in their territorial waters are reduced. Problems result also in the case of which are on both sides the 200-Meilen-Grenze of the exclusive economic zones of the individual countries, like for example the Kabeljau at the east coast of Canada, the sea-salmon in the Beringsee or other kinds, as Thunfisch and sword fish, which between the exclusive economic zones (AWZ) and the high lake moves.

Related links

• Fishery museum Cuxhaven

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