Over the ecological and economic possibilities of the bio raw material hemp.

Prohibition

The history of the hemp prohibition begins with the "first international Opiumkonferenz" into the Hague 1911/12. A suggestion of the Italian government "Cannabis as well as Opium, brought in here to subject morphine and cocaine to the same strict regulations and punishments" was rejected by the participants of the conference. This represents the first attempt nevertheless to forbid hemp internationally. The German government saw at that time however no action need and in such a way remained Cannabis until 1924 freely in pharmacies available. Only these had since 25. To sell March 1872 the right "Indian hemp". For the use of the hemp as bio raw material was this however no damage, since for ropes and other materials the Indian variant was evenly not planted, but the usual utilizable hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa).

At the 17.Dezember 1924 the participants of the "Geneva Opiumkonferenz" decided Indian hemp" upon the request of the Egyptian delegation leader "under equal strict control as Opium, morphine, to place heroin and cocaine. This happened, to know although among other things the American and the Chinese delegated one additions "almost nothing about the thing". No experts were belonged nevertheless. Again the Foreign Office explained: "This suggestion is for Germany without technical and commercial interest."

The resolutions that Geneva Opiumkonferenz needed to unfold then still four years over in Germany as law effect. This was in particular because of strong pressure by the pharmaceutical industry. On 10 December 1929 finally decided German Reichstag a new Opiumgesetz, which placed for the first time also Cannabisbesitz under punishment. Since berauschender hemp is forbidden to this day in Germany. The delivery in pharmacies was however, possible with collecting main of a medical prescription, further. This use of hemp as medicine disappeared however in the years after the Second World War as the again created FRG at the Leitlinen and defaults of the USA oriented itself. The hemp was meanwhile no longer indispensably, there the company DuPont procedure had developed around art ropes to produce art fabrics and other fibers generally speaking extent.

Only the student revolt of the time around 1968 brought the German agenda to hemp. When reaction to the Cannabiskonsum the usually young "revolutionary" revised and discharged the German Bundestag the existing Opiumgesetz in December 1971 a changed version, which forbade Cannabis and some other drugs completely. Directly with thereby the use of the oldest cultivated plant of humans was forbidden - hemp. To 1 January 1982 a change of the BtMG finally came into force, which placed also the cultivation of hemp under punishment.

Only into the 90ern again movement came into the legal situation by the permission of fiber hemp plants with an active substance content of under 0,3%. Since 1996 also in Germany again legally hemp is cultivated. The cultivated areas grow continuously. Thus in the year 2003 of European enterprises on more than 15,000 hectars hemp was already cultivated and approx. 25,000 t hemp fibers, 31,000 t and over 5.000 t hemp seeds was produced.

Wiederentdeckung as a useful plant

In the summer 1973 happened something, which should always change the view of the world on hemp: OD Adair, one of the first legalization fighters in the USA, carried its friend forward Jack Herer on a hemp demonstration. Here Herer experienced for the first time that one can use hemp for paper, rope, clothes and much more besides. Herer was immediately fascinated by the idea, hemp could the world save. In December 1985 its book "The Emperor appeared wears NO of clothes", the 1993 also Germany reached after extensive search. The title of the German translation provided by Herer and Mathias is "the Wiederentdeckung of the useful plant hemp" and was not it less for many.

It became fast the standard work for hemp activists and utilizable hemp farmers, shows Herer like versatile hemp use finds nevertheless.

In the years after 1985 it came to a proper hemp boom, which brought in not only immense propulsion for the intoxication hemp, but also applications of the useful plant. In the course of this hemp wave structures in all world, which used themselves for a normalization of the legal situation or simply a complete legalization, developed. In Germany e.g. 1992 the H.A.N.F developed. registered association, which wants "hemp as a useful plant promoting" and for this purpose among other things hemp operates the museum Berlin.

The commitment growing world-wide and the political pressure growing thereby led to the fact that one itself on European level with the cultivation of hemp busy. 1989 ordered the European commission in the regulation No. 1164/89 that the cultivation of in the plant designated 25 hemp places by the member states be legalisiert must. The sorts mentioned are so mentioned "fiber hemp" with an active substance content of under 0,3 per cent. Sent it succeeded to drive thereby a wedge into the up to then closed legalization front. To separate since that time tried "legal" utilizable hemp and "illegal" intoxication hemp and out-pass on the users against each other.

Areas of application

Today hemp is a plant. On the side the possession and trade are pursued of intoxication hemp so mentioned at much expenditure of states in all world. Hemp consumers threaten sensitive money and detentions. On the other side cultivation of utilizable hemp of the European union with tax fundses is promoted. Automobile companies use legally thousands tons hemp per year, but the application of the same plant in the pain medicine is permissible only in exceptional cases.

At present it is to be made possible at least 50,000 products of hemp. Nevertheless Cannabis is disparaged sativa L. because of a only one - although quite meaning - area of application.

Raw material

Who means utilizable hemp" today of hemp as raw material, when natural resources speak, with it usually ".

Introduction, overview

The agricultural cultivation of hemp increased since its Wiedergeburt at the beginning of the 90's of the last century continuously. Nevertheless production in Europe is past far behind the demand. Owing to its superior characteristics hemp within many ranges of the economy could gain a foothold. It is suitable for the building of houses just as well, as as basis for colors and lacquers. Long not all possible applications are also into the practice transferred and nevertheless can already today an assortment of most different articles from hemp or under too by hemp to be manufactured.

Modern hemp farmers differentiate between four different parts of the plant with economic meaning:

The seeds - hemp seeds are not only lecker, it are also healthy. After the fairy tale was recognized as such by the "intoxication by seed consumption", pressed found many friends fast from hemp seeds. In addition, the Presskuchen, the seed remainders after the is not waste. He finds e.g. in the cattle breeding as feed use.

The fibers - hemp fibers are in demand because of its longevity and parasit resistance as insulating material. Also for the production of textiles and of paper they are suitable. Hemp fibers are separated by breaking and rolling the from the remainder of the plant. Depending upon length of in such a way won fiber rough tile or finest cellulose develops from them.

The - are the remainders of the plant parts felled trees, which cannot be used for the fiber production. They are hardly valuable less nevertheless. The 31,000 t which were produced 2003 by European hemp farmers, find particularly as animal-in-faithfully use. Particularly horses love the particularly absorbent intersperse from hemp. Their owners estimate the easy Kompostierbarkeit.

The sheets - sheet and bloom of the hemp plant can be improved today to "ethereal These water vapour distillates find then as taste materials in food or as Geruchsstoff in e.g. detergents use.

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