Global monitorings for Environment and Security (shortened: GMES, German: Global monitoring for environment and security is an initiative of the European commission and the ESA with the goal of providing a European network for the collection and evaluation from environmental data to. The data and analyses are thereby both of direct measurements (for example chemical analyses to the water, soil, or air quality) and indirectly by remote sensing satellites to be won. GMES is to coordinate and remove the work of national institutions (for example the national environmental protection authorities) on European level.

Observation data from space are to take special meaning. The so far rather scientifically coined/shaped analysis of satellite datas is to lead in the context from GMES to various direct applications, which go beyond pure basic research. Therefore in the framework by GMES 2001 of the ESA the program GSE (GMES services of element) was initiated, its participants as pilot projects applications for satellite datas to develop. In addition among other things analysis systems for oil pollutions in the sea or the systematic monitoring of erosion belong in forest areas. Within 6. Research master program (2002-2006) the European Union promotes several GMES projects.

In the years 2006 to 2013 ESA and European Union promote the common GMES program with approx. 3 billion euro. GMES covers at least five satellite missions:

• Sentinel-1: Radar photographs after the SAR principle in the C-volume
• Sentinel-2: multi-spectral photographs within the optical range
• Sentinel-3: Infrared radiometry (highly exact temperature measurement of the surface)
• Sentinel-4: Altimetrie (levelling over radar, mainly for the oceans)
• Sentinel-5: Gas analyses of the atmosphere

The satellite Sentinel-1 costs presumably 220 MEUR, the subsequent satellites around 150 MEUR.

The data are to support the crisis management e.g. with environment disasters. Furthermore they are to contribute to it to simplify the land surveying and to support the town planning in Europe. Forecasts over currents, water temperatures, wave course and wave heights are to be made possible by routine sea observations, similar to the today usual Wetterprognosen.

See also

• GEOSS

Related links

• GMES homepage] (English)
• ESA GMES activities (English)

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