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An artificially manufactured eye is called art eye or eye prosthesis. The individually manufactured art eye, from white and colored special glasses artful joined, is more than the popularly designated glass eye. Artificial eyes are manufactured today from special Kryolithglas or plastic.
Synthetic materials proved opposite the glass material as substantially unfavorable: The plastic prosthesis has a rauere surface in the comparison to the almost perfectly smooth surface texture of the Kryolithglases. Thus the wetting on plastic (hydrophob) remains incompletely, while on the surface of an art eye made of glass the tear liquid can distribute itself well. Art eyes made of plastic are subject therefore to a substantially faster wear than art eyes made of glass, since the organic materials (PMMA) a soft, surface which can be damaged easily possess. Even half-yearly necessary repolishing does not represent a safe method to guarantee the mucous membrane compatibility. In addition PMMA is biologically not inert; Remainder monomers can diffuse - even over years - outward and provoke the binding skin (permanent).
Humans, who need an eye prosthesis, mostly lost an eye by an illness or by an accident. Due to the operational removal (Enukleation) of the eye an art eye is necessary, because otherwise the eye socket threatens to shrink or catch fire can.
The specialists, who control this production, brought a long training of 6 to 7 years, which large artistic talent and manual talents presuppose, behind itself. They are called Augenprothetiker or eyepiecists and participate in regular intervals in advanced training. In Germany for over 150 years eye prostheses in pure manual work are made. The first glass eye was manufactured 1835 in Lauscha.
The eye is made coloured and in the detail after the still healthy eye, so that one can speak in the double sense of an art eye. Each still so tiny detail of the iris, the colouring of the eye body (glass body) as well as the kind of the red individual with each humans, are had a feeling for by means of heated up in the artificial eye.
With the glass eye the original face harmony is to be repaired. The colour and adjustment of the artificial eye mostly take place in the presence of the patient. The cause, which led to the loss of the eye, is in the long run decisive nevertheless for it how good the appearance of the patient will be.
The surface of an art eye from Kryolithglas is very homogeneous and resistant, why it must be renewed usually only after approximately 1 year. By dust, dirt, environmental factors, changes of the tear liquid and/or organic disturbances the smooth surface of the glass can wear itself out in addition, faster. The wear of the surface and thus the aging process of the art eye are noticeable for the patient by provoking the eyelid. If an eye with blunt become surface is not in time changed, this can lead to larger damage in the eye socket.
A glass eye is recognized of the health insurance companies as medical aid in the old person Lands of the Federal Republic to 100 %, in the new Lands of the Federal Republic to 90 %. The Augenprothetiker/Ocularist can manufacture a glass eye in 2 hours. The costs amount to average in approximately 300 euro, depending upon individual colouring or anatomical adjustment (degree of difficulty for the Augenprothetiker/Ocularisten).
Humans, who lost an eye, are handicapped in Germany according to office for supplying to 30%. Them a "continuing loss of the physical mobility" is certified, what does not have to really correspond however to individual feeling of humans.
The visual field narrows itself with the loss of the eye at first considerably. Surprisingly however the healthy eye can compensate this lack after some time in as much as the visual field widens gradually unusually by the habit of monophtalen seeing.
Frequently one subordinates with an eye to the seeing, he cannot see three-dimensional. That is only conditionally correct, because the healthy eye and the brain compensate spatial vision also here obviously together after a certain period. The perception of 3D-Filmen and - pictures and some optical deceptions cannot be reconstructed however. To that extent occupations, in which a full and/or three-dimensional seeing is necessary, can be exercised not or only conditionally.
In order to protect the remaining eye, the art eye carrier should dedicate itself to kinds of sport, which do not represent a direct danger for the eye.
Major item: Glass eye from Lauscha
Already Egyptians, Chinesen, and Greeks manufactured artificial eyes for statues, Statuetten, mummies, masks, dolls and toy animals from jewels and half jewels, ivory, white feldspar, glass, porcelain and by metal alloys. Like that were already before 2000 years Fabri ocularii statuarumin Rome highly outstanding. Also Aristoteles (384-322 v.Chr.) mentions puppets with mobile eyes.
In the Middle Ages there were then already "presentation eyes", painted eyes from leather, which was carried over the lids and fastened with a Federdraht to the head. Likewise there were "inserting eyes" from gold or silver, with one in Emailfarben already painted iris.
The first eyes were probably manufactured in Venice, before in 17. Century Paris to the center for artificial glass eyes became. The German Ludwig Mueller Uri (1811-1888) from Lauscha justified together with the Ophthalmologen Professor Heinrich aristocracy man on its impact the German Prothetik. This made possible it that since 1835 eye prostheses of glass are made, which could be individually adapted for the eye socket of a patient.
Today's art eyes are highly developed and comfortable prostheses, which copy the appearance of the healthy eye as far as possible. The German Augenprothetik is considered here as world-wide prominently.
Glass eyes are manufactured naturally also for toy dolls and - animals. Here it concerns usually preparation of series, which has together with the individual supply of the patients specified here a little.
However the became optician Professor Heinrich aristocracy man (1807-1884) in the year 1832 on Lauschaer pupating and animal eyes succeeded particularly well attentively. Its impulse to let also in Germany eyes for humans develop please is with Ludwig Mueller Uri on fruitful soil.
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