Giovanni Battista Morgagni (also Giambattista Morgagni; * 25 February 1682 in "† 5 December 1771 in Padua) was a physician, Anatom and founder of the modern pathology.

Life

Morgagni was born in in the Romagna and educated after the early death of the father as a half orphan of the nut/mother. it studied 1698-1701 in Bologna, where it was attained a doctorate at the age of 19 years in medicine and philosophy. Already during the study time, 1699, he became member of the Accademia degli Inquieti (academy of the jerky ones), 1691 a created partnership the promotion of the sciences, whose presidency Morgagni took over 1704.

After conclusion of the graduation he worked first some years on different hospitals in Bologna and as an assistant of its teacher Antonio Maria Valsalva, for whom he took over also a one year's chair agency at the university of Bologna. Together with Valsalva it undertook anatomical studies during this time, in particular at the larynx. The results, which he published 1706 as the first part of his Adversaria anatomica and to which Accademia dedicated degli Inquieti, announced it also outside of Italy and already 1708 registered the membership in the German academy of the natural scientists (Leopoldina) to it.

1707 to 1709 it continued its studies in Venice. There it studied chemistry with Gian Girolamo Zanichelli and accomplished together with Gian Domenico Santorini sections at human bodies. In June 1709 it turned back into its hometown and worked there for two years successfully as a practical physician. During this time he married Paola Verazeri, the daughter of an outstanding family from Forli. From the connection twelve daughters and three sons followed.

In September 1711 it was appointed to the University of Padua, first to the second chair for theoretical medicine. There it held by 17. March 1712 its start lecture new facts institutionum medicarum idea. In September 1715 it changed the most important at its faculty, which it kept up to its death then on the first chair for anatomy. 1717 it published the second part of the Adversaria Anatomica, 1719 then those those altogether six parts of recapitulatory Adversaria Anatomica Omnia, which appeared 1762 again in an extended expenditure. Apart from his lehr and research work he continued to pursue trained, versatile literary, archaeological and historical interests, from which among other things a publication from letters came out to the excessive quantity of the works of Aulus Cornelius Celsus and Serenus Samonicus in Padua also its already in the youth (1735).

1761, already eighty-year old, he published its Hauptwerk, the five books De sedibus et causis morborum by anatomen indagatis (over the seat and the causes of the diseases, sought out by anatomy). The results accomplished by approximately 640 sections, partially of pupils Morgagnis, are communicated therein in altogether 70 letters. In accordance with the general beginning Morgagnis, disease symptoms no more in accordance with the theoretical beginning of the galenischen Humoralpathologie on an imbalance of the four body juices to lead back and these empirically prove but on organic causes, is the leading interest of the work the identification and localization of organic disease causes. This sets with the postmortalen investigation (investigation after death) of illness-conditioned anatomical changes of the organs and tries to limit this way the organic "seat "the illness. To the methods Morgagnis, which contributes substantially to the success of its empirical procedure, belongs among other things the systematic comparison of pathological findings at different corpses with comparable disease history. The work, that was translated into the French (1765), English (1769) and German (1771), attained lasting influence on the medicine in completely Europe and is considered as the establishment document of the scientific pathology.

Morgagni was located to Inquieti and the Leopoldina in personal and brieflicher connection to a large number of scientists and scholars of its time and was member of a whole set of scientific societies, so the Accademia specified already degli, in addition, the Academies of Sciences in London (1724), Paris (1731), sank Petersburg (1735) and Berlin (1754).

Achievements

After Morgagni are designated in the medical terminology a set of findings (see Pschyrembel, clinical dictionary, 258. Aufl. 1988, P. 1040):

• Morgagni Adam Stokes accumulation, also Adam Stokes syndrome or MAS accumulation: Accumulation-well-behaved disturbance of the brain blood circulation due to acute heartbeat disturbances.
• Morgagni column, also Morgagni hole (Trigonum sternocostale dextrum): Rechtsseitige splitting of the Zwerchfells between breastbone and rib part.
• Morgagni Hernie: By the Morgagni column passing through Zwerchfellhernie (break) of the Zwerchfells.
• Morgagni Hydatide, also Morgagni appendix: Appendage at the upper pole of the testicle (appendix testis) as Relikt of the Embryonalentwicklung, or also similar appendage underneath the Eileiters.
• Morgagni syndrome, also Stewart Morel Morgagni syndrome or Morgagni Trias, "diabetes of the women": particularly with older Mrs. occurring combination of fat craze, Hirsutismus and Hyperostose (bone knochenverdickung) of the inside of the frontal head.
• Morgagni ventricle, also Morgagni bag (Ventriculus laryngis): Reciprocal projection of the larynx between bag volume and vocal cord.

Literature

• Michael Kutzer: Morgagni, Giovanni Battista. In W. And kind of hitting a corner/C. degree man (Hrsg.): Physicians encyclopedia: From the antique one to the present. 2. complete over work. Aufl., Springer publishing house, Berlin (among other things) 2001, ISBN 3540675299, P. 223-224

• Wolfgang And Eckart: History of the medicine. 4. , over work. and suppl. Aufl., Springer publishing house, Berlin (among other things) 2000, ISBN 3540674055, P. 232-233

• Klaus Beneke: Biographies and scientific personal records of colloid scientists, whose life data stand with 1996 in connection. Publishing house pure hard Knof, Nehmten 1999 (= contributions for the history of the colloid sciences, 8; Reports of the colloid company, 1999), ISBN 3934413013, P. 32-36; revised electronic version of January 2004: PDF, 442 KB

Related links

• Hector O. Ventura: Giovanni Battista Morgagni and the Foundation OF decaying Medicine. In: Clinical Cardiology 23 (2000), P. 792-794 (English)

• Carla P. Aguirre Marco: Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682-1771). Article with bibliography from the row y mdicas in the project www.historiadelamedicina.org of the university of Valencia CSIC (Spanish)

Articles in category "Giovanni Battista Morgagni"

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