In the tannery skins and skins are predominantly processed from cattle, sheep, goats and pigs to leather. The skin is released from the Oberhaut including hair and/or bristles. That happens with sulfides within the high-alkaline range and/or Enzymen.Die hypodermis is mechanically separated (shears, Entflei, columns). The leather skin is gegerbt. It consists to 1/3 of protein (Kollagen) and water. The Gerbung is to prevent that with drying the structural components of the Kollagens (Fibrillen) stick the leather skin together by the surface tension of the water and horn-like up-dried. With the Gerbung the Fibrillen are reinforced or coated by the Gerbstoffen by cross connections. During the dominating Chromgerbung basic CrIII complexes interlace neighbouring Fibrillen.Bei of the vegetable Gerbung the Fibrillen by Polyphenolen from sheets, roots and fruits are coated. With the fat and Aldehydgerbung Aledhyde react to all Gerbungen in combination of Gerbstoffen with the Kollagen. up to the Fettgerbung are gegerbt. -->Beim Gerben is converted animal skin to leather. The Gerben is one of the oldest trades.

For a long time before the turn of an era leather articles were in Egypt and with the Israeliten in use. In the Middle Ages the production of leather was very much further advanced in Anterior Asia and North Africa as in Europe, both which the quantity and which concerned the quality. Only 1749 were established the first Saffianleder factory in the Elsass. The production of individual kinds of leather was reserved in Germany long time individual regions or cities:

• Resoling leather in old Grubengerbung in the Rhine country, particularly in Trier, Malmedy (now Belgium)
• Resoling leather in Schnellgerbung in Northern Germany, particularly in Hamburg
• Rossleder in Holstein
• Lacquer leather, particularly lacquer calf leathers in Worms and Mainz
• Lacquer leather for car-covers in at the Ruhr
• purifies yielding calf leather in Barr in the Elsass
• Kipsoberleder in Backnang
• colored leathers in open brook, where today still the leather goods fair takes place, and in the Taunus
• in Berlin, Magdeburg, old person castle and Munich

A goal of the Gerbens is it to prevent the of the animal skin and to transform the skin into as resistant and partially water-repellent a material as possible.

In order to prepare the skin for the Gerbung, it goes through the water company place, in whose process the non-leather-giving components (hair, subcutaneous connective tissues, fat and unstructured proteins) are removed. This happens on chemical way (switch, skin explanation) and mechanically (entfleischen, split, paint). The in such a way specified is prepared thereby for the actual Gerbung.

The Gerbung can take place via employment from vegetable Gerbstoffen (vegetable Gerbung) or as Mineralgerbung. With the vegetable tannery (Lohgerberei) calibration or spruce barks, excerpts from quebracho, Kastanien or oakwood, Mimosa, sumach and other is used wood and/or cattle close hereditary materials. From this use the developed. The vegetable Gerbmittel become in a husbands. The used Sud is called also Lohe. During the Mineralgerbung chrome (chrome tannery) becomes and Alaungerbung (white tannery) differentiated.

The Gerbungsprozess consists of three phases: pouring Kollagen, the penetration of the Gerbextrakts and its adjustment. Bodenleder, which is also manufactured in the classical procedure of the old digging close inheriting purely vegetable Gerbstoffen in a Gerbzeit of more than 12 months, is thereby those not only the most natural kind of the LED suppl. inheriting, also it is the reason for those extremely long durability, high water firmness and breathing activity of a leather sole.

After conclusion of the Gerbung the leathers are then nachgegerbt, washed, colored and greased depending upon intended purpose. After the drying process still another surface treatment with side dressing means can take place for the increase of the useability. Thus a high-quality material for various application type is manufactured.

Generally one differentiates between three kinds of the tannery, which disintegrate again into subspecies:

• Lohgerberei or red tannery (with vegetable materials)
• (with animal materials)
• Mineral tannery (with mineral materials):
  • the white tannery
    • the actual white tannery (alum and common salt)
    • the Hungarian white tannery (alum and common salt, fat)
    • the French, Erlanger or (alum, common salt, flour, Eidotter)
    • the fur tannery
  • the chrome tannery
    • Installation-automatic data processing-experience
    • Two-bath procedure
  • the iron tannery (could not intersperse itself in practice)

Museums

• Lohgerbermuseum Dippoldiswalde
• Tannery museum of close
• Museum for tannery and urban history deer mountain
• Tannery museum
• Tannery of Bremen from Moers in the Niederrheini open air museum
• Tannery museum in Calw
• Weissgerbermuseum Doberlug Kirchhain
• Leather and Gerbermuseum in at the Ruhr

Literature

• Helmut Ottiger, Ursula Reeb: Gerben leather and skins, Ulmer (Eugen), 2004, ISBN 3800146517

Related links

• Museum in close
• Lohgerbermuseum Dippoldiswalde
• Weissgerbermuseum Doberlug Kirchhain
• Leather and Gerbermuseum at the Ruhr

Articles in category "Gerben"

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