By the generation of current one understands the industrial supply about electricity in the form of electric current in a power station. This process is called often also energy production, what however physically not is correct, since it concerns only the transformation of a form of energy into another.

Definitions

Gross generation of current

The gross generation of current designates the electrical work produced in the power station at the generator clamps.

Net generation of current

The net generation of current e.g. computes itself from the gross generation of current less the power station power consumption of secondary and auxiliary facilities, like Speisewasserpumpen.

Stromabgabe

Stromabgabe the net generation of current is called less the unavailable energies in the net, due to transport and Umspannung.

Current supply

The current supply is the achievement taken by the customers of the network carrier out of the net, essentially corresponds to the Stromabgabe less the consumption of the network carrier-own mechanisms (operating consumption).

Overview

With all kinds of the generation of current thermodynamics supplies the necessary theoretical and practical bases to understand the procedure.

With exception of the systems, the electricity directly from another form of energy win (Fotovoltaik, galvanic cell, gas cell, Thermoioni generator, thermoelectric generator, TPV generator, MHD generator etc.) the electricity world-wide to the predominant part from kinetic energy in the form of Rotationsenergie one wins.

One calls the machine used thereby generator. Generators are mostly propelled by turbines, which the movement of a current into the rotation needed for a generator to change. Generators can be propelled for generation of current also by combustion engines, stirling engines or muscle power.

The generation of current of a country is carried out still to a large extent today by electrical utilities, which have to place the general electricity supply in such a way specified surely in accordance with the power industry law. In the future the decentralized energy production in private resting against meaning will win.

Thermal power stations

At the most frequent and for the basic load cover used thermal power stations are steam power plants. They produce high-tension water vapour, which propels steam turbines. The primary energy for the steam boilers can be produced by burn from fossil sources of energy such as hard coal, brown coal, oil and natural gas as well as from renewable sources of energy such as wood or fermentation gas. Further there are gas-turbine electric power stations, which propel the generators with a gas turbine directly. They are used however due to their smaller efficiency only for the peak load cover. Also nuclear power stations are in principle thermal power stations.

Smaller power stations have often also gas-claimant combustion engines (BHKW) or diesel engines (emergency power generators, generator sets for remote regions or large meetings) than drive. In particular in fermentation gas power stations gas-claimant engines are used.

Blocks of thermal power stations have at present achievements to approx. 1600 MW. The efficiency of thermal power stations is enough from approximately 15% to over 40%.

At present decentralized BHKW plants, which combine a living room heating with a Stirling engine for the drive of a current generator, experience strong increase. Such plants can be manufactured for arbitrary sources of energy.

There were attempts to use the incineration gases of thermal power stations additionally with a magnetohydrodynamischen generator (MHD generator) for generation of current in order to improve their efficiency.

Hydro-electric power plant and wind energy

They use the kinetic energy of flowing water (tides, rivers) and wind. Contrary to most thermal power stations their primary energy is renewable. Hydro-electric power plants can be likewise built with the largest achievements, whereby their actual achievement depends on the topographic and hydrographic conditions of their location. Wind power stations have an achievement of up to 5 MW, the technical development as an individual wind energy plant are however not yet final. It is expected by them that they supply a noticeable contribution for the improvement of the greenhouse effect.

Electromagnetic radiation (light)

With semiconductors such as silicon the irradiation with light causes the formation and separation from charge carriers on the inside and the structure of a usable voltage gradient over the photoelectric effect. Under utilization of this physical effect one can produce river with solar cells. The advantage of this kind of the generation of current is the maintenance poverty, since no moved parts are in the play. The disadvantage are the still relatively high costs, the bad efficiency and area requirements of the Solarzellen.<p>TPV-Generatoren (thermal Photovoltaik generators) produce from warmth first radiation (infrared, then by means of Fotovoltaik (like solar cells) to river converted wird.<p>Zu the photo-thermal generators see next section

Solar collectors as steam generators

Solar collectors cannot only serve for the production of warmth from the incident sunlight, but there are also with sunlight operated plants for the production of water vapour, with whose assistance turbines and generators are propelled. As large unit manufactured, such photo-thermal generators are substantially efficient and more inexpensive than the Photovoltaik.Siehe also solar electricity.

Geothermie

With this procedure the warmth lining up within the earth's crust is used for the drive by special turbines in the Organic Rankine Cycle. The procedure uses renewable energies, exhibits however due to the small temperature difference only a small efficiency.

Articles in category "Generation of current"

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