Garlic (Allium sativum) is a spice and a welfare plant in the family of the bulb plants (Alliaceae).

Further names are Knobi, (Switzerland), Knofi, Knowwlich or Knofl.Die German designation "garlic" are derived from "Kloben", in the Middle Ages the term for "toes".

Description

Usual garlic is a krautige, 30 to 90 cm highly growing plant with pointed, bluish-green sheets. The tuber is surrounded by a thin, white or reddish covering and consists of a main toe, around which about five to twenty Nebenzehen are arranged. From the middle main toe 60 out to 90 cm high, a handle-round branch drives.

The bloom shank is round and carries a Scheindolde with few white or rosafarbenen blooms. Beside the unfruchtbaren blooms about 10 to 20 round Brutzwiebeln develops in a cylindrical

Botanik

• Common garlic (Allium sativum)
  • Large queue garlic (Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon)
  • Chinese garlic (Allium sativum var. pekinense)

Cultivation

The plant possesses persistent bulbs, which increase vegetativy and daughter bulbs, which get "toes so mentioned ". If one is the toes into the autumn or March 20 cm far from each other into the earth, then garlic in the high summer flowers. Except the blooms also small miniature bulbs, which one can set directly into the soil, are it are the generative Vermehrung of garlic in the bloom conditions. In the late summer, larger bulbs receives one is harvested, if the plant can become two-year. The Zwiebelchen of the needs one year more for development.

The crawler-type vehicles of the allium moth (Acrolepiopsis assectella) eat strong courses up to 25 mm into the garlic sheets, which leads to dying the plant. The is caused by a mold fungus. Most other parasits are driven out by the garlic smell; one can use this also purposefully, by setting garlic as natural defense means beside other useful plants.

Neighbour in the Mischkultur

Garlic gets along with different neighbour, those directly adjacent grows differently well. Among the good neighbours raspberry, lilies, carrots, fruit trees, roses, red ones pray, tomato and tulip rank strawberry, cucumber. As bad neighbours are considered peas, Kohl and Stangenbohne

Use

Kitchen

Garlic is used in the cold and warm kitchen. When roasting it may not become too brown, because it can become otherwise bitter. Particularly of humans from culture ranges, in whose traditional kitchen little is used to no garlic, the physical evaporation of humans, who ate it, one speaks also of a "garlic flag", as disturbing felt. The strict-smelling materials do not come thereby how often accepted from the stomach. Instead the schwefelhaltigen dismantling products are transferred over the alveoli to the breathing air. The medical technical term for it is Halitosis. These smells are not noticed at all by one and by other persons, who ate garlic, only weakly or.

In some areas of Austria garlic is called also "vanilla of the poor man". That admitted "vanilla rust roasts" there therefore not with vanilla, but with garlic is peppered.

"Chinese garlic" also garlic chives is a kind of chives. The sheets are not round, but broad and sharp-edged, and taste after garlic. However without disturbing Knoblauchgeruch.Die tuber consists not of individual toes, but resembles rather a bulb.

Used in Spain in some courts instead of the garlic toes the garlic allium, e.g. in the Omelette. The green garlic allium possesses a mild, characteristic taste and resembles optically purifies green beans. In the trade garlic allium in the glass is available.

Medical use and characteristics

One uses garlic in Abkochung in clysters, in order to drive the Askariden out (reeling worms). In former times to producing of ulcers.

That as unpleasantly felt smell after the benefit of garlic is often due to the dismantling products of schwefelhaltiger contents materials like the Alliin, which is converted to Allicin. Garlic is an important source of selenium. It works antibacterially and can prevent Blutgerinnseln.

The garlic bulb e.g. contains beside memory coal hydrates (in particular Fructane) schwefelhaltige connections like the odorless Alliin, of their preliminary stages, Gammaglutamylalkylcysteine, an adduct with Vitamin B1 (Allithiamin), adenosine and Alliin Lyasen. These enzymes arrive only by injury of the cells (e.g. when cutting up) in contact with Alliin, whereby the connection are diminished and the actual the active substances, Thiosulfinate, are only formed Allicin and further decay products. The contents materials of garlic work antimicrobially, blow-floating, lower the blood fat values and work thus preventing against arteriosklerotische changes of the blood vessels. In addition they promote the dissolution of together-stored blood panels and improve thereby the flow characteristics of the blood. Possibly garlic is helpful in the supporting treatment of light blood high pressure. In addition garlic works preventing against cold diseases as well as certain kinds of cancer (stomach, intestine, esophagus cancer) and has a stimulating influence on the repair of damaged DNS. With some humans garlic causes digesting disturbances.

Historical

Garlic is a cultivated plant and arrived from the steppe areas of central and south Asia over the Mediterranean to Europe. The game form is considered as become extinct.

Garlic is already in the antiquity well-known as food and cures. Egyptian slaves used garlic as stabilization means and around lice and intestine parasites to drive out. Romans and Greeks knew likewise around the welfare possibilities of the plant. In the Talmud its constant benefit is recommended, because garlic satisfies the body, would give the spirit clarity, strengthens the man strength and drives parasites out from the intestine. In the Middle Ages it was used in Europe against the plague. In addition in many countries (for instance in Asia) an effect is after-said to him as aphrodisiac.

But faith

Garlic is to be able to serve - like all strongly smelling plants - for the protection from in particular however Vampiren.

See also

Bulb (plant), chives, bear allium, list of the kitchen herbs and spices, garlic press

Related links

Garlic from view of the Federal Health Office

[of http://www.ifhas.de/knoblauchsmittwochAltestes garlic celebration of Germany: Garlic Wednesday in resounds (Saale)]

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