The garden salad (Lactuca sativa) is kind of the kind lettuce (Lactuca) in that of the basket bloom plants (Asteraceae). The garden salad leads a whitish milk, in particular in the and bloom conditions. This milk, from which also latin designation Lactuca is derived, contains bitter materials (see lettuce), which help the plant with the protection from Fressfeinden and parasits; on the other hand they determine also the Wohlgeschmack of its

Description

It is a two-year plant, which grows up first only as Grundblatt Rosette; this Rosette or parts of it is it, which verzehrt from humans becomes. The are undivided or ganzrandig and not thornily In the summer the garden salad finally grows up and becomes 30 to 100 centimeters highly. The upright is in the upper range rispig branches out, whitish, often reddish speckled and bald. The is st¤ngelumfassend and usually operate egg-shaped.

For the description of the salad bloom and - fruits see Lattich#Beschreibung.

Contents materials

Garden salad contains 95% water, 1 to 2% coal hydrates, 1 to 2% protein, 0.25% fat. Over contents material vokommenden in all lettuces see Lattich#Inhaltsstoffe. An unwanted substance in the garden salad is among other things nitrate. Garden salad darkly held can contain nitrate per kilogram of plant up to 4.85 gram. The ability is decisive for nitrate storage, which is genetically given and shows from sort to sort strong differences.

History

As master kind in the meantime the fence lettuce (Lactuca serriola) was proven, one in south Europe, Anterior Asia to north India as well as North Africa wide-spread steppe plant, with which the garden salad is konspezifisch.

Already since the antique one this plant in many sorts is cultivated. Thus exist about 4,500 years old reliefs, which represent a plant, which resembles the Roman salad. Outgoing from Egypt, the salad spread over the whole antique Greek and Roman world.

In Central Europe the garden salad is only common since the time of Karl of the large one. On the basis of the monastery gardens the cut salad (Lactuca spread sativa var. crispa) with its rosettig loosely standing sheets, during in the Roman countries the culture of the binding salad (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) with its oblong, a loose head forming sheets one developed. That today admitted and liked to head salad (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) is a breeding from the beginning of the modern times.

Culture

Attained full growth salad flowers from June to August, the develops then however too many bitter materials, therefore one harvests, before the salad grows up ("shoots").

To the main cultivation areas belong Italy, France, Holland, Belgium, Spain and Germany. In Germany and Austria the head salad under glass and in the free one is cultivated. Open land salad is offered up to 500 g heavily in the trade. The salad cultivated under glass is already offered starting from approx. 100 g. The winter salad from the greenhouse has on the average higher nitrate values than the open land salad in the summer. This is to be due to the lack of light caused in the greenhouse.

Into the trade many salads arrive packed in foils, in order to hold the head together and to avoid a strong evaporation at the same time. The salad keeps so longer its freshness.

Other

By ethyls becomes faster withered the salad and gets brown marks. This gas leaks out for instance maturing fruit.

Beside the lettuce there is also a red variant. The color is caused by Anthocyane.

Culture places

• Head salad, lettuce, butter salad, butter head salad, lettuce, Schmalzsalat, iceberg salad (Lactuca sativa var. capitata)
• Cut salad, picking salad, sheet salad (Lactuca sativa var. crispa)
• Binding salad, Romana salad, Roman salad (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)
• Asparagus salad, (Lactuca sativa var. angustana)

See also

• List of the vegetables

Related links

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