A Freiwillige fire-brigade (official abbreviation FF, in addition, FFw) is a public fire-brigade, which consists mainly of honorary members, every now and then apart from some full-time forces. Contrary to the occupation fire-brigade the latters can however not constantly occupy a course. The organization to cover the fire protection to a large extent with Freiwilligen fire-brigades became generally accepted particularly in the German-language countries, while in most other countries other organization forms prevail.

In Germany usually Freiwillige fire-brigades are responsible for the fire protection in cities, municipalities and localities with less than 100,000 inhabitants. In addition, in cities with an occupation fire-brigade Freiwillige kept and/or in consequence of the local financial scarceness again strengthened were often removed fire-brigades as support until today.

In Austria the structure is developed similarly as in Germany. Different fire-brigade laws apply also there in the individual Lands of the Federal Republic. Thus there are also there different regulations which the establishment of Freiwilligen and occupation fire-brigades concerns. In Tirol in principle a Freiwillige fire-brigade is prescribed e.g. in each municipality. If none can come, as in Germany the possibility of an obligation fire-brigade exists. Particularly for financial, in addition, for historical reasons the freiwilligen remained structures predominant. Thus there are only six occupation fire-brigades in Austria; indeed Vienna, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Graz and Klagenfurt. In the state capitals iron city, pc. and Bregenz are used excluding Freiwillige fire-brigades. Except in Graz there are Freiwillige also in the remaining state capitals fire-brigades.

Origin

One the oldest freiwilligen fire-brigades in the area of the today's Federal Republic is the fire-brigade of the city Saarlouis in the today's Saarland. It was created 1811 by the French government at that time. It is thus one the oldest freiwilligen fire-brigades of today's Germany, if not even the oldest: In the year 1811, briefly after a large fire broken off in the neighboring village Fraulautern, was again organized on resolution of municipal authorities of the city Saarlouis the existing fire extinguisher company under permission of the of Metz Vaublanc by the mayor Renauld. This new formation happened at a time, when Napoleon had issued a decree for those to Paris fire-brigade, its core thoughts voluntariness of recruiting the crew, militarily taut organization and unpaid service, thus honoraryness, was. Although this decree applied expressly only to Paris, which was fire protection problem however everywhere the same one, also the prefectures in France for their areas of responsibility issued comparable decrees in the consequence (e.g. the Vaublanc for the city Metz 1812).

In Germany 1846 the first German created Freiwilligen fire-brigades in Heidelberg and Durlach (Karlsruhe) developed. Usually they came out from politically in a revolutionary manner stopped turn associations (see revolution of Baden). The Freiwilligen fire-brigades used at that time new and more efficient syringes, which were manufactured by the Heidelberger engineer Karl Metz. Since this syringes were still muscle-claimant, their operation was arduous and required special Fitness.

To the first employments the Heidelberger Freiwillige fire-brigade was not called at all. It impressed the town councillor however by the fact that it worked very fast and successfully and by so far in the fire fighting not known organization and logistics. The idea became generally accepted fast, and already later there were few years in the region numerous further similar organizations.

The term fire-brigade was by the way used 1847 first time in a Karlsruher newspaper. Christian Hengst had created and inserted 1846 in Durlach one the first freiwilligen Pompier Corps with a major fire into Karlsruhe the city syringe Nr.2 of Metz. This brought the new methods to the fire fighting several-day-long into the supraregional press.

Also in Austria into the 1860er years the first freiwilligen fire-brigades were created, which also often the emergency service took over. From the numbers of the before disorganized citizens fire-brigade associations were created, which received thereby also more easily funds. The first freiwillige operating fire-brigade was already 1831 in the imperial-royal Tabakfabrik in Schwaz in Tirol. The first freiwillige local fire-brigade in today's Austria was the 1857 created Freiwillige fire-brigade Innsbruck. In the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy 1851 a freiwillige citizen resistance in realm city in were already created.

Alerting of Freiwilligen members

At the beginning of each employment of the fire-brigade the alerting stands. Particularly with Freiwilligen this alerting a problem which can be underestimated does not represent fire-brigades, since the members are to a large extent not central attainable, but are usually at places, which of the directing center directly does not admit are, e.g. at home, on the job or on the way.

The following alerting can by different alarming systems, as sirens are accomplished or by radio reporting receivers. Mobile telephones are not used for fire-brigades, or only for an optional secondary alerting. In case of emergency e.g. with a terrorist attack a mobile telephone would not function after all experience, since the portable radio net would be completely overloaded by the increased discussion activity. In addition, with power failures in the emergency mobile telephones are not attainable. However in New Year's Eve the Handynetze is overstimulated already. If at this time an employment for the fire-brigade would accumulate over mobile telephones, the task forces could not be alarmed in time. However however the Alamierung increases more and more by Flash SMS, however by approx. 2-3 minutes later in-arrived than the Alamierung by Pager. Radio reporting receivers run on bad frequencies so mentioned, which are assigned exclusively for task forces.

After the alarm arrived at a more or less large number of receivers, go the task forces snap if possible to the fire station/to the

This can be connected with problems, since start with the private passenger car effected. Other road users finally do not know that it concerns an employment travel. Therefore some firefighters mark their passenger car by a roof on setter and/or travel by hazard warning flasher, if they take special rights up. A right of way is here generally impossible, since a blue signal light and clay/tone subsequent horn may not be usually installed on private vehicle, except this concerns an entitled person in the fire-brigade, like e.g. the city fire chief, municipality fire chief etc.

After the creation occupying the relevant fire-fighting vehicles and the travel follow the employment clothes to the place of work (see also special signal).

Full-time forces

This Unterform is possible and also common in some cities with less than 100,000 inhabitants. Here full-time forces so mentioned in a Freiwilligen fire-brigade work. At fire-brigades with more than 200 employments per year usually a small trunk of full-time ones is during the normal work times responsible for maintenance of the vehicles and devices and processes smaller employments. Thus the honorary forces are not constantly gotten for trifle alarms like e.g. oil-pure by their regular working premises. Besides it gives some cities over 100.000 inhabitants, in whom by special permission no occupation fire-brigade (e.g. Ulm) had to be furnished. Also in Austria this is usual at larger city fire-brigades. In this case there is officials of municipality, who are turned off continuously to the fire-brigade service.

Civil servant (alternative service-carrying out) as fire-brigade forces

In Austria at large fire-brigades often also additionally for the freiwilligen trunk civil servants are consulted for the fire-brigade service, since these improve particularly the daily readiness substantially. Preferred to be called up with it civil servants, who are already before their military alternative service member of a freiwilligen fire-brigade. Thus the training, which the civil servants must receive, is facilitated substantially. These civil servants carry not like the normal freiwilligen of members their service out off, but rather like professional firemen, since they are constantly present during their office hours. Often civil servant carries their service out also after their done civil service at a fire-brigade further as a voluntary member.

To Germany such Ersatzdienstleister in each freiwilligen fire-brigade, those in the disaster control to participate can is taken up, presupposed the respective commander, the district administration office and the circle military spare office grants the request. They commit themselves to carry 6 years long for service out and to a cooperation of at least 80 hours in the year. Requests and assistance for exact execution everyone receives with its responsible Landratsamt.Dabei is simultaneous the civil service-carrying out to member of the fire-brigade and an disaster control unit (between 9 and 63 persons). Large advantage of this variant is:

• A) The alternative service-carrying out can continue its life way (school work) without absence by German Federal Armed Forces training.
• b) The training of the Feuerwehrmannes is promoted and it carries within the 6 years the work and school achievement out off, which an average "Freiwilliger" brings in 15 years.

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