The forest or forestry as part of the national economy refers to regular acting of managing humans in the forest. A goal of these actions are today apart from the raw material production also furnishing immaterial achievements like the preservation of the forests, in particular as protection and recreation region.

The goals of forestry can vary regionally and over the time strongly. In Central Europe has itself after century-long excessive use before the beginning 19. Century the lasting form of the wood use with consideration of the social needs interspersed.

Tasks

All aspects of forestry to consider is a large challenge for the science and practice of the silviculture and the forest policy. Here it depends to manage the forest in such a way that its functions will lastingly maintain as source of raw material and as basis for the kind, soil, climatic and water protection as well as for spare time and recovery of the population.

In the course of international processes lasting forest management defined as

"the treatment and use of forests in a way and in an extent, which their biological variety, productivity, tapering ability, as well as their ability, which ensure to fulfill relevant ecological, economic and social functions at present and in the future on local, national and global level, without causing to other ecological systems damage. "(European conference of ministers for the protection of the forests in Europe (MCPFE) in the Helsinki resolution H1, "general guidelines for the lasting management of the forests of Europe", 1993)

The silviculture requires constant weighing between economic and ecological interests, in order to be able to consider the different requirements to the forest. That and an interlacing of socio-economic, ecological and technical realizations therefore is an important task of the silviculture brought together.

In this in Europe come the many functions of the forest and striving for lasting development from nature and economics recognized definition to the expression. The forest-structural activity covers thereby goal-oriented planning, decision and conversion in the range of the renewal, care and reorganization of forest ecological systems with simultaneous view of ecological, socio-economic and technical realizations. Forestry can guarantee thereby the lasting treatment and use of the forests.

Lastingness

Major item: Lastingness (forestry)

After catastrophic forest destruction in Central Europe in the Middle Ages by excessive use of the forests the principle of the forstlichen mass lastingness developed: One does not infer any more wood mass from the forest, than regenerates at the same time (S.A.: History of the forest in Central Europe). Following generations are at least comparable, if not better use possibilities will leave. The lastingness that management became already in 19. Century expanded since ecological and later social lastingness. Since center of the 1990er this flows into certifying (see also: FSC, PEFC).

Franz alto: "The entire economy must learn from forestry, what means lastingness - the wood path is a good way." (Source: AFZ 22/2004, P. 1209)

Forest as restaurant economics

Germany has approx. 10.7 million hectar forest (~ 30% of the total area). Of it 9 millions hectar are managed by approx. 28,000 forest enterprises and 1.5 millions hectar by approx. 230,000 agricultural enterprises. (Source: Federal Statistical Office (data report 2004))

The federal forest stocktaking showed that we have in Germany enormous - it regenerates more woods than we uses. Wood is itself a renewing source of raw material with various ranges of application and many advantages for our environment. This is an ecological and also economic Potenzial, which applies to open and use it. With the straight adopted Charter for wood the goal was formulated of increasing the use of native woods in the next ten years by 20 per cent that is ambitious, but with united forces feasiblly. - Renate quotes from the preface for the edited version of the second federal forest stocktaking

Structure

Forestry in Germany differentiates three kinds of property from forest

• State State of (national forest, trust forest and federal forest),
• Body forest
• Private forest

See also: Forest prospective customer shank

In order to secure the functions of the forest, it is important that functioning structures are created. This is incumbent on the individual Lands of the Federal Republic with own national forest laws. The federal legislation gives here only the frameworks with the federal forest law.

The state forest is divided in most countries into individual These again consist of individual districts the one size of approx. 1,500 to 3,000 hectars have. The management of the districts is accomplished by the (Dipl. Forstingenieur).

Economical meaning

Due to the methodology of the statistic collection the meaning of the forest and timber economy is completely underestimated. This underestimation comes the German taxpayer expensively.

See on the wood path

Vocational field

In modern forestry enterprises representatives of the most diverse occupational groups are to be found. Apart from many administrative occupations one can differentiate however the following classical forest training with the appropriate career profiles:

Study of the forest sciences at a university

Forest people with a university conclusion have to work the possibility as forest scientists or occur after a junior lawyer time the higher forest service. Here they transfer usually leading positions in the or in the administration.

In Germany the forest study at 4 universities is offered:

• Albert Ludwig university Freiburg
• George August university Goettingen
• Technical University of Munich in freesing
• Technical University of Dresden in Tharandt with Dresden

By the new possibilities of the Bachelor and master conclusions the borders between university and specialized higher education smear themselves ever more strongly.

In Austria forestry is taught at the Boku (university for soil culture) in Vienna 19.

Study of forestry at a professional school

After conclusion of a specialized technical and a following one year's candidate time the career examination for the elevated forest service can be taken. This occupation choice usually leads into the practical forest service, whereby apart from the line Forstreviers belong nowadays also frequently specializedtechnical or administrative activities to the vocational field.

In Germany the course of studies forestry at the following professional schools exists:

• Professional school Weihenstephan in freesing
• Professional school Eberswalde in Eberswalde
• Professional school in Goettingen (faculty resource management)
• Professional school gang castle in gang castle at the Neckar

Study of forestry at a professional training higher school

In Austria exists an upper stage school, which one locks after 5 years with maturing and diploma examination. After two-year practice a graduate knows a state examination for the forest service placing and has thereby the right a forest surface from 3600 hectares to to administer.

• Higher federal institute for forestry (forest school) in Bruck to the Mur

To June 2005 still another second HBLA for forestry in Gainfarn existed with bath

Forest technician

The forest technician is a specialist of the middle forest management.

(Major items: Forest technician)

Forstwirt

"Forstwirt" is the modern term for the earlier occupation "forest worker". The Forstwirt is a nationally recognized teaching profession.

(Major items: Forstwirt)

Occupation agencies

The protection of interests of the officials of forest is noticed by the following organizations:

• Industrial trade union building agrarian environment
• Federation of German forest people

See also

• Exploitation - a not forest-economical forest use form.
• Forest mechanism - an economic basis
• Forest science
• Portal: Land and forestry
• RAM timber economy - The production of stakes for common grape vines.
• Moving way - particularly for wood transport Waldwege put on.
• Dead wood taper ratio - growing small or Keimlingen on trunks.
• Forest work - the implementing activities of forestry in the forest.

Literature

• Reinhold Erlbeck, Ilse Haseder and Gerhard Stinglwagner: Cosmos the forest and forest encyclopedia. 880 S. Franckh Cosmos, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-440-07511-7
• Johannes fish-brook-a-hope, Ulrich Schraml and Andreas Katthagen: German forestry advice 1950 - 2000. 50 years for forest, forestry and environment. Agriculture publishing house, 2000. 3-00-006273-4

Articles in category "Forestry"

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