By first assistance one understands also the measures which can be accomplished by laymen, in order to save human life to turn or moderate threatening dangers or health trouble away up to the arrival of professional assistance (physician, emergency service).

Why first

Everyone is a Ersthelfer!

Nearly everyone comes in the course of its life sometime into a situation, where it is as the first with an emergency to the place. It is a car accident, a Malheur in the household or an acute illness - in all these situations it is to be known a good feeling, how one can help. Perhaps one comes times into the situation to be urgently dependent on competent Ersthelfer!

Legal situation

In Germany everyone is not obligated legally to render first help if among other things the assistance is to be zuzumuten to it after the circumstances, it by the assistance different important obligations hurt and the aid by the assistance not in danger to bring itself must (see Paragraf 323c penal code). No matter whether one is now well trained or not: Who does not help, makes itself the omitted assistance, which can be punished with money or imprisonment (see also: Legal aspects during assistance), guiltily.

Civilian population

First assistance to carry out, is not heavy. Everyone knows an emergency call set off, an accident scene to secure or with sympathy about hurt one worry. Everything which beyond it goes must however are learned. This article and the portal first assistance give a first view and obtain the necessary basic knowledge.

Besides it is however important to practice the measures practically because only assistance is exercise thing! Only who is safe and experienced, knows in the stress of an emergency situation, which is to be done. Further down is an overview of courses, in which first aid measures can be learned.

Range of the first assistance

The among other things following knowledge obtains the training in a Erste-Hilfe-Kurs:

• Behavior at the emergency place/rescue chain
• First member of the rescue chain: Self-protection
• Second member of the rescue chain: Emergency call/life-saving immediate measures
• Third member of the rescue chain: Further measures
  • Grazes, cuts, tearing or squeezing wounds
  • Infections of wounds with Tetanus, rabies or gas fire
  • Poisonings with alcohol, medicines, carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Pflanzenschutzmitteln, Chemikalien or Drogen
  • Burns, Erfrierung and undercooling
  • Derailing the metabolism, for example sugar shock with Unterzuckerung, sugar coma with uraemic shock, septischer shock
  • Hyperventilation with panic attacks, so mentioned of the hands and possibly unconsciousness
  • Epilepti accumulations and fever cramps
  • Heat exhaustion, Hitzschlag, sun pass
  • poisonings
  • Insect bites (particularly in mouth and throat), animal or queue bites as well as allergy shocks
  • Current accidents with low-voltage (plug socket, household appliances etc.) or high voltage (current masts, thunderstorm lightnings)
  • Impact on the head (head injury), brain vibration
  • Suffocate (swallow from foreign bodies) and a drowning
  • Injuries in the chest area, belly injuries, acute illnesses of the abdominal cavity with nausea and failure or vomiting
  • Heart cycle illnesses (cardiac infarct, impact accumulation), heartbeat disturbances, feelings of dizziness or unconsciousness by to low or to high blood pressure
  • Setting, verse dipping, bruises
  • Bone, spinal column breaks
  • brief unconsciousness (faint, Synkope)

Course offers

Life-saving immediate measures at the accident place (LSM)

In this course only fundamental measures from the first assistance are obtained. The participant can act after completing the course as Ersthelfer at an accident scene. This course is in Germany for the acquisition of the PASSENGER CAR or motorcycle driving licence obligation, thus for the driving licence classes A, A1, B, L, M, S and T. the duration covers four double hours. Also after it this course should be refurbished every few years, in order to have at least the fundamental measures of the first assistance in emergency ready.

Erste-Hilfe-Kurs

In this course everyone can learn the measures for the lead-in supply of emergency patients. With the knowledge acquired here one is well prepared for almost all emergencies, which can occur at any time in the private and vocational surrounding field. Here it goes to a large part around emergencies concerning respiration and cycle. Also the supply of e.g. injuries or burns as well as poisonings is taught. The duration covers eight double hours 90 minutes.

The course is in Germany obligation for LKW-und bus driving licence classes C, CE, c1, C1E, D, DE, D1, D1E, for the acquisition of the transportation of human beings light and for the permission to the Physikum. Also this course should be refurbished regularly.

Special first assistance courses

In the meantime many relief organizations offer co-ordinated courses individually on the customers, for example for member of special groups of risks:

First assistance with child emergencies (children are no small adults, one must as Ersthelfer some consider!), First assistance with seniors, first assistance with heart/cycle patient, first assistance at the dog etc.

On the other hand there is course, which is co-ordinated with certain groups of Ersthelfern: First assistance for children and these training courses are accomplished partly also in co-operation with schools.

Medical training courses

The professional associations prescribe that in enterprises depending upon size of company an appropriate number at Ersthelfern must be present. Starting from a certain size of company training as the operating medic is prescribed. This training (usually medical aids and/or medical training course A and medic and/or medical training course B) lasts longer than a normal first assistance course. (Source: Rule for the prevention of accidents - principles of prevention, BGV A1, given change of the Federal association of the commercial professional associations, conditions 1 January 2004)

Resuming training courses

Training courses, those over the switching of first assistance knowledge for Ersthelfer far go out are for example courses for rescue aids, rescue medics and rescue assistants. One finds information to these courses under the appropriate references.

Offerer

Offerers are among other things the German red cross, the worker Samariter federation, the German lifesaving company, the Johanniter accident assistance, the Malteser emergency service. These relief organizations united in the Federal Association of Labor first assistance (BAGEH). Beyond that exists a multiplicity of offers of private education carriers, which organize themselves in the Federal association first assistance (BVEH).

A condition for the execution of training in life-saving immediate measures (LSM) and first assistance (EH) is the acknowledgment as training place after Paragraf 68 of the driving licence regulation by the responsible authority, and/or the acknowledgment by the professional associations. A listing of certified apprentice positions by the professional associations, is on the Internet side of the quality assurance place of the professional associations to find under http://www.bg-qseh.de

In Austria the first assistance training of non-profit emergency services is carried like the Austrian red cross or the worker Samariter federation, in Switzerland of the relief organizations, for example for the Swiss red cross or the Swiss lifesaving company SLRG, which offers emergency aid courses so mentioned.

Literature

• Henke, Friedhelm: "First assistance. Life-saving immediate measures." Kohl hammer, ISBN 3-17-017884-9, Stuttgart Aufl. 2005. The book corresponds to the current international and European guidelines of the first aid federations and contains also a part of the exercise with questions and answers (ideal to the test preparation!)
• Immenroth, Tobias, Markus, Stefan: First assistance manual, 288 sides, very descriptive also over 900 color photos, ISBN 3-8310-0390-4
• Beale: First assistance for their child, 127 sides, very descriptive, co-editors is the painting he emergency service. ISBN 3-8310-0096-4, price approx. 10 euro
• Rothe, Skwarek: First assistance concretely. ISBN 3-441-92000-7, price approx. 20 euro
• Karutz, of Buttlar: dtv - Atlas first assistance 1. Edition, 232 sides, ISBN 3-423-03238-3, price approx. 15 euro
• Keggenhoff, Franz: First assistance. The official first aid book after the training guidelines of the German red cross, 200 sides, southwest publishing house, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-517-06231-6, price approx. 15 euro
• , Weicker enriches: Child emergencies, 79 sides, ISBN 3-441-92010-4, price approx. 8 euro
• on the web page the motivated Ersthelfer is a detailed overview
• WikiReader first assistance

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