By fire protection one understands all measures, which prevent the emergence of a fire and the propagation of fire and smoke (fire spread) and with a fire the rescue of Menschenund animals as well as effective fire-fighting operationses make possible.

Preventing fire protection

Preventing fire protection is the over term for all measures, which prevent in advance the emergence, propagation and effect of fires, and/or limits. Usually fire protection in buildings is operated; it is limited however under no circumstances to it, but become for example more important with meetings ever. There candles must resemble and, a "fire-brigade safety guard service" (briefly fire guard) keep at demonstrations with fire. Also passive fire fighting one calls.

Structural fire protection

The structural measures for example in buildings are very various and extend from the used building materials and construction units, regulated in DIN 4102 and ENV 1992-1-2, over the structural fire protection in industrial buildings, regulated in the DIN 18230, over escape route planning to fire extinguishing systems in buildings.

In Germany it is necessary to let for each larger building a fire protection appraisal provide by one certified Brandschutzgutacher. Besides the provided fire protection concept with the local authorities must be co-ordinated. The Bundesgestz delegates the competence into the national responsibility. The regulations are therefore different from Land of the Federal Republic to Land of the Federal Republic.

In Austria the fire-police acceptance is subject to the fire prevention places (likewise in sovereignty of individual Lands of the Federal Republic). In Switzerland it is regulated kantonsweise.

Structural measures must consider above all the following aspects:

• Behaviour in case of fire of building materials
• Fire resistance of the construction units
• Allocation of the buildings into fire compartments by fire walls and - protective doors
• Escape route planning
• active fire fighting by Sprinkler

Straight those ever more strongly becoming penetration of large buildings with power supply, tax and data lines runs from the construction supervision demanded cutting off running with fire walls and fire-resistant floors contrary. Therefore in modern buildings with larger gatherings of people (for example stations, airports, museums, congress halls) special fire protection mechanisms are as for a long time as possible maintained such as fire alarm systems, emergency lighting and fire doors.

In public buildings in Germany the use of halogeneous-free PVC lines is standard. Stromleitungen, which run by several fire compartments, must become secured with a fire wall. Conductions, which are used for the machine removal of smoke or a fire alarm system, must correspond dependent on the employment to the safety class system E90 or E30 (see also fire protection fabrics).

Buildings are not too forgotten, by humans limited in their motion to be used or inhabited (hospitals, hospitals, old people's homes, senior housing estates etc.).

With tunnels the structural fire protection gained due to the dramatic tunnel fires in the last years strongly significance. Apart from the observance of constructional rules here the computational proof (the so-called "hot calculation") becomes increasingly more important. Regulations to the computational proof are e.g. in the ENV 1992-1-2, the ZTV Ing and to the "guideline for the fire and disaster control" of the German course.

Technical fire protection

Among them the establishment of risers, automatic fall or also locally seen the provision with stocks of fire extinguishing agent, the fire-fighting water supply and much more besides.

• Fire alarm systems
• Smoke outlet system
• Emergency lighting
• Fire-extinguishing systems, mounting of fire extinguishers or Wandhydranten
• Fire-brigade starting zones and fire-fighting water supply (in the form of fire-hydrant, deletion oaks"Â…)
• Fire doors
• Fire protection flap (BSK) for the ventilation system

In the Federal association technical fire protection registered association German enterprises, which manufacture products for the technical fire protection, united.

Organizational fire protection

This point describes the order of fire protection-assigned, fire control rooms, the production of alarm plans and fire protection plans. In addition, the training while handling inflammable materials or ignition sources and the behavior after outbreak of a fire falls into this area.

The consciousness-shaping, how one can protect oneself, must begin already very early. Fire protection education one calls it with children in schools or kindergartens

Repelling fire protection

The repelling fire protection is a task of the fire-brigade and forms the counterpart to the preventing fire protection. Repelling fire protection is everything that undertakes the fire-brigade, if "the child is fallen in the wells", it thus already burns. It is the activity, which one brings primarily with the fire-brigade in connection.

If one put the special attention so far with the repelling fire protection to delete simply the fire then one must strive in the today's time increased also for the reduction of the damages, since these damage often constitutes a multiple of the primary damage (see: Fire damage)

Literature

• Adam Merschbacher: Fire protection: Practice manual for planning, execution and monitoring. Publishing house company Rudolf Mueller, 2005, ISBN 3-481-02054-6

Related links

• Institut for building materials, massive construction and fire protection
• http://www.vds.de/fachservice/brandschutz.php">Federation of the special insurers (VdS), specialized service fire protection
• www.brandschutztipps.info - the German-language fire protection homepage
• "Lives save homepage of the country wide clearing-up campaign to smoke detectors "
• Specialized committee fire protection education and - clearing-up of the LFV North-Rhine/Westphalia

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