The fire mushrooms are one the Basidienpilze. It acts with them around obligatory parasite mushrooms on plants, particularly on grasses. The name of fire mushrooms comes of plant parts infected by the usually black colouring by Brandsporen. The latters serve for the spreading and new infection of plant hosts and for the hibernation.

Due to their ability grain cultures substantially to damage to be able, are the fire mushrooms of great economic importance.

In Europe one knows several hundred kinds of fire mushrooms. Most strongly represented the kind Ustilago is also over one hundred on grasses and krautige plants specialized kinds. Most remarkably the corn dent fire (Ustilago maydis) is here safe, which can release rather large Gallenwucherungen at corn plants.

Life cycle

The querseptierten Basidien germinates directly from the diploiden Brandspore. From the Basidiosporen coming out from it germinates a so-called Promyzel, which grows Sporidien" as Sprossmyzel and pinches off for his part ". The Myzel developing from Sporidien forms a haploides stage, which lives usually saprophytisch. Meeting compatible -/+-Sporidien comes one on the other it to fertilization (Sporidiogamie). The developed dikaryotische Zygote germinates with a Infektionshyphe on the plant host out.

From this pattern there are partial substantial deviations with individual kinds.

Above all Louis Tulasne, Charles Tulasne and Heinrich Anton de Bary made themselves earned around the study of the fire mushrooms.

Spreading

The spreading of the fire mushrooms is often done with wind in addition, via insects. The fire mushrooms often develop in bloom conditions and make the plants sterile thereby. The insects approach the bloom conditions settled by the mushroom, catch themselves Sporen and provide thus for the spreading of the parasite mushroom. Some kinds of the fire mushrooms are even in the conditions to energize in female blooms the formation of dust threads.

Taxonomy

Fire mushrooms are divided taxonomisch as follows:

Class: Fire mushrooms (Ustilaginomycetes)

• Subklasse: Entorrhizomycetidae
  • Order: Entorrhizales
• Subklasse: Exobasidiomycetidae
  • Order: Doassansiales
  • Order: Entylomatales
  • Order: Exobasidiales
  • Order: Georgefischeriales
  • Order: Microstromatales
  • Order: Sporidiales
  • Order: Tilletiales
• Subklasse: Ustilaginomycetidae
  • Order: Urocystales
  • Order: Ustilaginales

Literature

• Heinrich (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia of the Mykologie, Gustav Fischer publishing house, Stuttgart, New York, 1989, ISBN 3-437-20413-0

Related links

• Ustilaginomycetes RK Tree OF Life (engl).
• Fire mushrooms ('' Malassezia furfur '') as pathogens with humans

Articles in category "Fire mushrooms"

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