The FBI (full name: Federal office OF Investigation, dt. about office for federal investigation) is the main determination authority of the Ministry of Justice of the United States.

Order

Its employment emphasis serves the maintenance of authorities and organizations subordinated by right and law, protection from activities and support of terror and monitoring. Altogether the field of activity covers more than 200 crime types. Highest priority is granted to the pursuit of terrorism, drug trade, espionage, force crime and white-collar crime.

Organization

The FBI finances 455 offices in the USA and 46 further in other states with an annual budget of 4,3 billion $ (2003). The authority employs 29,000 coworkers, under it 12,000 special agents so mentioned and is arranged into eight head departments:

• National security (national Security division);
• Criminality (Criminal Investigative division);
• Information (Criminal Justice information services [CJIS] division);
• Laboratory (FBI Laboratory);
• Information (information Resources division [IRD]);
• Training (training division);
• Administration (administrative services division);
• Finances (Finance division).

Training

The FBI maintains its own school for the training of its coworkers. The FBI Academy is on the property of the navy Corps cousin Quantico in Quantico, Virginia. Among other things the FBI academy offers high-specialized training programmes for high-level personnel within the range to the prosecution, to whom also foreign police officers become certified.

History

The authority was created originally as office OF Investigation/BOI (dt. about investigation authority) on 26 July 1908 by Charles Joseph Bonaparte and carries its current names since 1936.

1978 is again regulated as consequence of the determinations of the Church Committee in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance act the competencies FBI as home news service and its control by constant committees of congress of US.

The headquarters FBI is in Washington (D.C.).

The FBI is world-wide a schillernder term and causes the most different associations. Since the early years the public work of the American federal authority operated with reproduction coined/shaped first the picture of the incorruptible, high-professional "G-Men ", which almost seek out all-knowing each criminal sooner or later.

After the death of the legendary director J. Edgar Hoover, which led the FBI during one period of nearly 50 years as quasi-autonomous mechanism, this image got due to admits become abuses and instrumentalizations "office "to political purposes deep scratches.

Since 11 September 2001 the eyes of many Americans are directed again with largest interest toward "the Feds ", which was "on terrorism "at foremost front to fight is. Sometimes the substantial expansion of the authority of the security authorities, all in front FBI, gives cause for concern and criticism (for a comprehensive history FBI in German language see Ellermann, euro pole and FBI, Baden-Baden 2005).

Directors

Office OF Investigation (BOI) (1908 to 1935):

• Stanley Finch (1908 to 1912)
• Alexander Bruce Bielaski (1912 to 1919)
  • Acting director: William E. all (1919)
• William J. Flynn (1919 to 1921)
• William J. Burns (1921 to 1924)
• J. Edgar Hoover (1924 to 1935)

Federal office OF Investigation (1936 until today):

• J. Edgar Hoover - director from 1936 to its death in the year 1972.
• L. Patrick Gray, 1972/73, and William Ruckelshaus 1973.
• Clarence M. Kelley (1973 to 1978)
• William H. Webster (1978 to 1987)
• William S. Sessions (1987 to 1993)
• Louis Freeh (1993 to 2001) - acknowledge after eight years of a ten-annual contract the service.
• Robert Mueller (since 2001) - became from the senate with a 98:0 - majority selected.

See also

• Critical Incident Response Group
• Hostage Rescue team
• Mark of Felt

Literature

• January Ulrich Ellermann: Euro pole and FBI - problems and perspectives. Baden-Baden, Nomos 2005
• Ward Churchill and Jim Vander barrier: Agents OF repression, Updated edition, The FBI's Secret Wars Against the Black Panther party and the American Indian Movement. Boston, Southend press 2002
• Ronald Kessler: The office: The Secret History OF the FBI. Pc. Martin's press 2002
• Athan G. Theoharis: The FBI and American Democracy: A letter Critical History. University press OF Kansas 2004

Related links

• Web page FBI
• Background informations and history on German
• Short FBI article over personnel strengths FBI.
• 56 FBI Field Offices with address and telephone number (English).

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