Free trade AREA OF the of America / International economic organization

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The Free trade AREA OF the of America FTAA (German: TotalAmerican foreign trade zone) is to create one "Common Market from Alaska to fire country ". In the respective national languages the FTAA becomes also as de Libre Comercio de read (ALCA, Spanish), de Livre the (ALCA, Portuguese) as well as zone de libre of the (ZLEA, French) marks.

The FTAA is to cover all 34 states in north, south and Central America as well as in the Karibik (for the time being with exception of Cuba). This area enclosure scarcely 800 million consumer with annually gained goods and services in the value of over ten trillion US Dollar.

Planning for the FTAA began at the beginning of the 1990er years, is however lately in coming to a hold guessed/advised.

History

The plan to the FTAA was presented 1991 by the US president at that time Bush. Several attempts however already preceded it to establish a Common Market in the entire double continent - for the first time 1967.

As the first step toward FTAA a conference of the state and heads of the government of 34 took place north and South American countries (first America summit) in December 1994. Not in it Cuba was involved as only American country. As date of the beginning of the foreign trade zone 2005 were considered. However the negotiations become very difficult because of large clashes of interests. Thus insisted the USA on rapid discussions over lowerings of customs duties, while numerous Latin American countries wanted to speak only later about this topic.

Only 1999 concretized themselves the negotiations, when one agreed on the formation of working groups. Of 20. until 22 April 2001 the third America summit in the Canadian city took place, on which the state and head of the government admitted themselves again to the FTAA plan and which on 7 April 2001 to schedule decided by the Ministers of Trade of the FTAA states in Buenos Aires confirmed. It planned that the negotiations to at the end of are to be locked 2005. In the meantime a third draft of the FTAA contract is present, which became consultation over it in November 2003 in Miami however because of large differences one day in former times terminated. They were accompanied of violent protests of globalization opponents. Nevertheless the heads of the government admitted themselves with the extraordinary America summit in January 2004 in Monterrey (Mexico) again to the FTAA plan, and to the conclusion of the negotiations at the end of of 2005.

Opposition and criticism

As one the main critic of the FTAA is considered the venezolanische president Hugo which calls the foreign trade zone "tool of the imperialism" for propagation in Latin America. As counter proposal to this initiative Chavez the Bolivariani alternative for America (Alternativa Bolivariana para read ALBA) which is justified in the model of the European union. The focus is on agreements because of the energy and infrastructure market, the gradual to be expanded to be supposed and finally to a complete economic, political and military integration of the member states to lead be supposed.

Evo Morales takes to the US-dominated FTAA position as a "agreement. around the Koloninalisierung America to legalisieren".

On the other hand presidents of Brazil, Luiz Lula there Silva, express themselves and Argentina, Kirchner, not clearly against the FTAA, but do not require some alterations of the contract. Above all the elimination that openly or hides subsidized agrarian goods from the USA, the warranty of an effective entrance to foreign markets.

One of the most disputed points, set from the USA into the contract, concerns patents and mental property. Critics maintain the scientific research in Latin America in case of a repair of the measures suggested by the USA that would restrain. Thus further inequality would result from technological dependence on the developed countries. Concerning the patents e.g. mean critics, like Maude Barlow that the USA thereby want to patent Latin American inventions themselves.