The filter mountains are southeast a rechtsrheinisches, from Bonn in the range of the cities king winters and bath Honnef convenient mountains, which consist of more than 40 mountains and hills. Volcanic origin and approximately 25.5 million years ago in the developed. The last volcanic activity occurred in the and led to the emergence of the Peter mountain. Large parts of the filter mountains belong to one of the oldest nature parks of Germany to the nature park filter mountains, and are subject to legally determined protection regulations.

The mountains of the filter mountains

The sieved large mountains:

• Oil mountain (461 m)
• Lion castle (455 m)
• Lohrberg (435 m)
• Nun current mountain (335 m)
• Peter mountain (331 m, name in the earlier Middle Ages current mountain, guesthouse of the Federal Republic of Germany)
• Cloud castle (324 m)
• Kite rock (321 m)

Further smaller mountains and hills:

• Himmerich ("giant-shit ", to 366 m)
• Trenkeberg (430 m)
• Because mountain (297 m; First assignment of the European diploma for the filter mountains on 15 October 1971)
• Stenzelberg (climbing mountain; 287 m)
• Broderkonsberg (378 m)
• Central mountain (353 m)
• Leyberg (359 m)
• Jungfernhardt (320 m)
• Geisberg (324 m)
• Sound mountain (310 m)
• Large mash mountain (313 m)
• Small mash mountain (288 m)
• Small oil mountain (332 m)
• Rosenau (323 m)
• Wasserfall (338 m)
• Small oil mountain (332 m)
• Limperichsberg
• Fritscheshardt (318 m)
• Sharp mountain
• Scheerkopf (373 m)
• Deer mountain (255 m)
• More oiling (329 m)
• Rem-separate (261 m)

Origin of the designation "filter mountains "

The emergence of the designation filter mountains is not clearly clarified. Four definitions of the designation filter mountains (source of the two first points exist: Moving map nature park filter mountains, office for land surveying North-Rhine/Westphalia, 7. Edition 1995):

1. Filters is a derivative of the ripuarischen word Siefen, which designates a damp brook valley.
2. The oldest denomination (Moller, 1590) does not read filter mountains, but seven mountains (septem of montes). Depending upon line of sight Rhine up or downward one recognizes rather exactly seven mountains, which are not always the same and also not the highest. Also the number sieve for a larger, exactly not specified quantity used (e.g. "Filter defiency guarantees ", "filter things "). In addition the number 19 beginning sieves with its high symbol and magic meaning appears obvious for mountains, up to. Century as rejecting, impenetrably, terribly and as scene of legends and Spukgeschichten applied.
3. The designation "filter mountains "can have developed from the name "simmering mountains ", which to Seifensieder refers, which was active in the valleys. Since the soap simmering is connected with a strong smelling nuisance, this branch of profession from the surrounding localities was banished into the remote valleys.
4. The and most frequently mentioned, however wrong explanation is that the designation refers "filter mountains "to the seven main summits.
5. After the legend the Rhine accumulated here, because a hill chain was there. Behind this chain lay a city, which suffered much from the fact that it did not get water. Thus the citizens decided to assign sieved giant to release the Rhine. Because the giants did not want to go however with the dirty spades home, they cleaned these and so the mountains developed.
6. Smaller local spreading has the name "filter hair mountains ". The origin of this designation is unclear.

Emergence of the filter mountains

About 400-350 million years ago deposited itself in the time of the Unterdevons by the Devonian sea and the rivers the basic rock Grauwacke, Tonschiefer and sandstone flowing into it. Approximately 350-280 million years ago this rock was pressed on and folded up with pressure. Formed the Variski mountains, whose area dragged on from Brittany until Poland. Approximately 67-58 million years ago the Variski mountains became by influences of the environment, e.g. Wind and water to trunk mountains with wavy surface threadbare. Due to these influences Cologne and/or Niederrheini bay broke in.

Approximately 37 million years ago the North Sea into the area of the today's Bonn shifted and withdrew themselves approximately 25 million years ago again toward the north due to this sinking. In the following years it came in the filter mountain area to volcanic activities, whereby large quantities of trachytischer ash griech. = rau) and to hundred meters were discharged a high deposit led. Trachyta glow-liquid Trachyt followed and latitische ash as well as glow-liquid Latit. The volcanic activities ended approximately 7 million year ago with the eruption of basalt. Again by influences by wind and water the layers (above all ash) were cleared away, which were not resistant. Before approximately 450,000 years the Rhine began to form a way by the lifting Rheini slate mountains. Of it witness numerous, also today still existing, curves and breaks in the process between being gene and Bonn.

Within millions of years so the volcanic region filter mountains formed.

Earlier use of the filter mountains

Quarries

Already in the 1. Century n. Chr. the first Roman quarries formed in the filter mountains. The Romans opened three quarries at the kite rock, to the and at the grandfather chair. The quarries served the dismantling of Trachytgestein, which was removed over ships on the Rhine. Probably the rock served the building of buildings at that time.

To the decay of the Roman realm it came only in the 11. Century for the reopening of numerous quarries. The rocks diminished now were used for the building of numerous rheinischer churches. The building Cologne cathedral already in the year 1248 with stones of the filter mountains was begun, the dismantling of the stones needed for it stopped 312 years into the year 1560.

Further quarries were operated by the Cistercian abbey Heisterbach (the today's monastery Heisterbach) and used for the establishment of the monastery building and the abbey church with Latitgestein.

In the year 1827 the stone striking suppl. work shank acquired the mountain cone of the Drachenfelses and opened in the upper mountain-slope several quarries. A piece of wall fallen by the castle ruin into the valley provided for the attitude of the Steinbrucharbeiten by the royal government to 4. May 1828 in Cologne. The Prussian treasury acquired the mountain cone of the Drachenfelses for 10.000 Taler in the following years and could so the castle ruin kite rock receive. The dismantling in numerous further quarries in the filter mountains (Stenzelberg, cloud castle, Ennert, Dollendorfer Hardt) was however not affected by this rescue measure.

Mining industry

The of the non-ferrous metals copper, lead developed in the Devonian time and zinc were diminished at the latest since Roman time. In the year 1857 in Bonn yearbooks of the Rheini federal state museum the find of a Roman silver coin was noted, which was found on the Virneberg "in a depth of 18 foot ". 1905 were discovered in an old lug a Roman container with bronze articles.

With Rhine broad brook the most important pc. was Josefsgangzug, in which Kupfererz was essentially diminished. In the fusion valley and in the a settling valley lead and Zinkerz became gehauen. There were numerous mines in the Aegidienberger local parts Neichen and and in the nearby Quirrenbach. The northernmost occurrences of the extraction area were with Bennerscheid.

With the purge of the non-ferrous metal prices the mining industry came in the filter mountains starting from 1875 to succumbing.

Protection of the filter mountains

The numerous quarries in the filter mountains between that 1. Century n. Chr. and that 19. Centuries led to a gradual destruction of the filter mountains. The quarries threatened the filter mountains completely to In the year 1836 the Prussian government acquired the kite rock including castle ruin for the protection of nature for 10.000 Taler. After in the year 1920 the term of the nature protection was for the first time legally embodied, the filter mountains are on 7 June 1922 by the Prussian Minister for science, art and national education as well as explained for agriculture and forests as the protected area. One year later was forbidden by a regulation the eradication of forests, as well as placed numerous plants and animal species under protection. By a further regulation in the year 1930 each activity directed toward production of was forbidden. It came to an attitude of any quarry activities. 1971 became by the Council of Ministers of the European advice the nature park filter mountains for the first time with the European diploma (today: European diploma for protected areas) excellently.

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