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By a film production company one understands an enterprise, which gains its incomes predominantly from the production of films.
The sphere of activity of a film production company covers thereby all phases of the film production, from job preparation over the turning work up to post office production. Smaller enterprises, which do not have an own rental business enterprise and finished productions settle tasks of the film bringing (Launch) for cinema evaluation an external film rental business to entrust, in the transition period, until a rental business is found, also like the registration of the film with the FSK and the film evaluation place (both only in Germany), public work and advertisement, Festivalbewerbungen and the organization of one - often largely drawn up - cinema premiere, including the a advertisement from sponsor and promotion funds to the financing of these work.
The terms "film company "and "film production company "are usually meaning used. In the broader sense than "film companies "however also such enterprises are designated, which are active beyond the film production also into the range film rental business and/or film selling or operate own cinemas.
The term coined/shaped in the USA "Filmstudio "designates a mechanism in the actual sense for the production of films. Colloquially this term is used however occasionally also as name for a film production company.
In the pioneer time of the film, when the first film production companies based, and which were established first Filmstudios, above all to the owners already soon very large of the Filmstudios in Hollywood, which were, large power of decision came. This influential position was weakened however by arising independent employment agencies and interest agencies by film-creative, which improved their contractual position substantially, gradually. Nowadays successful actors usually have their own agent and are contractually not thus not bound for a certain period to a film production company, as it was still frequently usual in the first decades of the film.
In Germany film production companies are usually as finance companies (GmbH, rarely: Corporation), occasionally however also as limited partnership (kg) or as a partnership company organizes. At American film production companies the corporation forms the most frequent legal form.
Film production enterprises differ according to their size and/or according to the money supplies, which convert them. Among the world-wide largest enterprises the American universal Pictures, which enormous studio plants, a costume and Requisitenfundus and 9,000 has firm coworker, ranks on the average 21 films per year produces and from the rental business and selling both their own and and strange productions substantial additional incomes gains. One of the largest film production companies in Germany is the residents of Munich Constantin film, which per year produces well 5 motion picture films, 235 coworkers busy, numerous subsidiary companies possesses and also as rental business is active. The majority of the German film production companies are however small businesses, which do not possess own studio plants, only one handful of coworkers to employ and without film promotion at all not exist could.
Film production companies differ according to the duration of their existence. One of the oldest still operating film companies of the world is the 1895 created American bio graph company; the oldest German company is the universe film AG (since 1917). Other enterprises are many more short-lived; often Produktionsgesellschaften for the production of only one film are created and dissolved afterwards again.
By "independent" film production companies one understands colloquially such enterprises, which do not belong to the dominating the market large ones of the industry. This distinction is particularly in the USA usual, where an oligopoly from seven supercompanies, resident in Hollywood, supplies the lion's share of the national film production. The label "independence" is gladly used in this connection, in order to arouse the appearance, in smaller, financially more weakly equipped enterprises in principle Independentfilme was produced, i.e. such films, which differ also in aesthetic regard from the Mainstream. This is usually however not in some cases applicable.
So mentioned "more independently" such enterprises represent a special case to film production companies, which do not work profit-oriented. One of the few examples forms the German film community, which was created 1931 for the production of the film girl in uniform.
Another special case are state-own film production companies. In German history forms the Ufa, which was from 1937 to 1945 in the government property, which most prominent example (see: National Socialist film politics). A further example is those MOS film, which was created in the young Soviet Union as a national unit film company and despite the re-establishment of the market yet was not denationalized.
Apart from Produktionsgesellschaften, which exclusively or predominantly manufacture features, it gives companies, which are specialized by animation or documentary films in production. Again different enterprises produce television films, TV serials and nichtfiktionale films on behalf from broadcasting corporations or private stations.
Major item: US-American film production companies
See also: Would list German film production companies
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