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The term eyeglasses calls today an eyeglass version with handles and two polished or colored carried before the eyes Sehhilfe or the eye protection serving Eyeglasses are called colloquially also glases.
The eyeglass lenses serving for Sehhilfen are made by the eye-optical industry from mineral glass and to increasing extent of plastic. The advantage of art off is the far smaller weight (particularly with larger diopter numbers this comes to carry, due to the thicker glasses) and for sportsmen the Nichtsplittern, disadvantage is the higher Kratzempindlichkeit. These are gerandet and inserted by the Augenoptiker into the eyeglass versions with consideration of individual centering requirements due to different viewing distances The Optiker provides an eyeglass passport to each manufactured eyeglasses. In the eyeglass passport are held glass strength, axles and type of glass of the eyeglasses in contractions.
The name "eyeglasses" is derived from the latemedium high-German word berille. This came again from beryl. One availed oneself around 1300 of the lenses, usually Berylle rock crystals mentioned of polished half jewels.
Albrecht of sharp mountain lent "berillus" in the "younger Titurel" a increased symbolic meaning. In the expanded Gralsdichtung developed around 1270 is "Parille" the name for one of the sons of Senabor. During enumerating the "child and child kint" of the trunk "Kapadoze" the name is mentioned: "Sin sun a Parille hiez it after that stones,/through daz the ougen will with erget there. it make groz uz small. /uz it made cleinen virtues di grozen." (Verse 99) "one of its sons it called Parille after that stones. So that the request of the eyes passes through there. It makes largely out small. From small virtues it made the large." The life way of the "Parille" is clarified by the choice of the name and its development is pointed out. This Strophe represents the oldest monument in the German linguistic area, in which the eyeglasses (here still as Lesestein from rock crystal) are called. Albrecht the comparison takes up many Strophen again later: "SAM berillus grozet di of the writing in in CPU lesene, DIN herze genozet, all tugende with wesene wahsent highly, broadly, wit and ouch di lenge." "As the Beril the writing which can be read in it increased, resembles it your heart, therein all virtues in their nature highly, broadly, far and also into the length grows." The heart is thus clear and pure as "berillus" and has the characteristic to let the virtues grow.
Literature: Heinz Herbert man: Glases and Perspektiv. Studies for the iconography of two motives for picture. Berlin: Gebr. man, 1992. (= studies to the everyday iconography, Bd. 1), ISBN 3-7861-1570-2
Long time assumed one the first eyeglasses were invented by the FlorentinerSalvino degli Armati around 1280. This theory became however 1920 as falsification of a Florentiner Lokalpatrioten from that 17. Century exposes. Who actually manufactured the first eyeglasses, is not well-known.
According to Chrysippos Archimedes is the Brechungsgesetze of lenses to have already examined and for one at the head fastened crystal to the Sehkorrektur to have carried. Its discovery however obviously found no practical imitation in the antique one. As from that the 11. Century coming book "treasure of the optics" of the Arab mathematician, astronomer and Optikers Abu Ali aluminium-Hasan Ibn aluminium-Haitham (arab. Alhazen latinisiert) around 1240 translated into latin and into monastery libraries became available, struck a great moment of the optics. Alhazen (* around 965 in Basra, Persia; "† 1039 or 1040 in Cairo) described among other things in its writing the increasing effect of a glass ball segment, the later "Lesesteins", without using however its realization practically. The theory of the Arab, the difficulties age itself tigers of monks and their abilities relating to crafts accumulated. At that time probably the first Lesestein became from rock crystal polished in a monastery. Soon read glass and eyeglasses followed.
The earliest well-known examples of painted eyeglasses are there on the Fresken of the Italian painter Tomaso to Modena in the chapter hall of San Niccolo in Treviso. They developed in the year 1352. With much sense for the and for physiognomische characteristics Tomaso represented there Modena on forty Fresken the general agents of the Dominikanerordens. With haven-guesses/advises the cardinal of Rouen an a glass is shown, which the representing led closely to its eye. It reads thereby in a book which broken open it keeps in its hands. On the Portrait of the cardinal Hugo of Provence rivet eyeglasses are represented, which sit firmly this on the nose. Also it is shown as reading.
It stands firmly that the first eyeglasses in Europe arose around 1280. These had still no handles and possessed convex polished lenses, were thus only for farsighted humans. The English Optiker Edward Scarlett built the first eyeglass version for 1727. Before also different forms had been tried out, like the attachment by lenses at a 1877 invented Adolf Fick the first contact lens
The 3D-Brillen represents a special form of the eyeglasses, which is needed with some stereoskopischen procedures. These are primarily no Sehhilfe, but ensure for the fact that for each eye the appropriate stereoskopische half-image is filtered.
With the screen handling regulation of 1996 the "special Sehhilfe attained meaning for the work on screen handling devices". In "§ 6 each employer is obligated to offer before the admission of the activity afterwards at the screen and in regular intervals the person employed an appropriate investigation of the eyes and vision by an expert person. The employer has to take over thereby the costs.
A person on social security had to pay eyeglasses so far. A judgement of the administrative court Kassel means however that with "customs property of longer period of use", which with medical necessity to the life need belongs - in addition count also the eyeglasses - which must grant Sozialamt uniquely aid (Az: 10 TG 3128/04, VGH Kassel).
Eye protectors are to protect the eye against harmful influences, like chemicals, radiation or the flying sparks of welding, soldering and Flexen with an angle sander).
Bertolt break signed gladly with a ligature from two small bs, which resembles eyeglasses.
Eyeglasses are generally considered as exterior indication of intelligence, in the positive as in the negative sense. These prejudices probably come of to the time, into which only financially good-placed eyeglasses could afford, which at the same time a better education could afford and hardly physically hard work perform could.
This among other things led to the fact that in Kambodscha under the rule of the red Khmer eyeglass wearers were pursued as alleged intellectual ones and thus as potential enemies of a communist farmer state.
According to a study of all brook all this carry or need in Germany (conditions 2005) 64 % of the adults (over 16 years) correction eyeglasses. The number of the eyeglass wearers rose since beginning of the statistic recordings continuously. Particularly in the age group of the young people and young adults is to be registered an increase from 13 % to 31 %. Remarkable it is here also that straight in this group 29 % meanwhile constantly carry eyeglasses. The number of the eyeglasses of basic children is indicated as 15 %. By changed conditions of work and life particularly myopia in this age group rose strongly, in addition, by improved diagnostic procedures and the trend of the increase and the ever earlier eyeglass carrying is to be explained to far common investigation density. Also the acceptance of the eyeglasses rose, so that according to this study 89 % are the eyeglass wearer and 81 % the non--eyeglass wearer of the opinion that eyeglasses do not affect the attractiveness of the carrier negatively.
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