The eye medicine (med.: Ophthalmologie, Ophthalmiatrie) is the science of the illnesses and malfunctions of the Sehorgans and the visual sense. Optician is the job title of the physicians, who are occupied with the Ophthalmologie. The Ophthalmologie is one of the oldest medical disciplines.

The anatomical borders of the eye medicine form in front the eyelid and face skin and in the back the bones of the eye socket. With the investigation possibilities of the Sehbahn and derSehrinde rich it beyond that to to the back of the head. Close relations with the neck, nose, ear medicine exists, to make to the Dermatologie and for neurology ways the frequent participation of the eye at general illnesses and the possibility, microscopic investigations at living fabric ophthalmologische findings frequently for the diagnostic identification for the internal medicine is consulted.

Modern ophthalmologische investigations require extensive and expensive, technical equipment. Most important inspection equipment is the Spaltlampe, a strong Stereolupe provided with special tax and lighting mechanics.

The eye medicine ranks among the surgical disciplines, although you are available numerous, effective and highly developed medicines and aids. With the operation the Qatar act (the grey star) places the eye medicine the usually accomplished and in the sum to operation of the medicine world-wide.

History

Already in the law boards of the Hammurapi more than 3600 years ago regulations for eye operations were issued. - the physician should receive a reward for a successful operation from 10 Shekel, whereas him with failure both hands should be chopped off.

In the Middle Ages the task of the opticians of "Starstechern so mentioned" was transferred. By means of a special measurer the cloudy lens of the eye ("grey star") was pressed into the eye. Johann Sebastian brook possibly died at the consequence of a star operation. George Friedrich survived his operation, remained however time of its life blindly.

The eye medicine belonged first to the surgery and formed only in the course 18. Century, particularly however 19. Century as independent subject out. Up to 18. Century was unclear the anatomy and the function mode of the eye. Only starting from that 19. Century by arising the microscope details were made well-known and systematically for the therapy usable. 1800 coined/shaped Carl Gustav Himly the name Ophthalmologie, in the same year described Thomas Young the astigmatism.

First hospitals became at the beginning of 19. Century in Erfurt and Budapest opens. George Joseph Beer (1763-1821) occupied the first chair for Ophthalmologie, which had become in the year 1818 full professor for eye medicine in Vienna. Before it had opened the first university clinic for eye patient there to 1813.

The crucial invention in the area of the diagnostics was the invention of the ophthalmoscope by H. from Helmholtz (1821-1894) in the year 1851 and the invention of the Perimeters by Richard (1825-1902). The crucial steps for the eye operations was the operational treatment of the green star by Albrecht of Graefe (1828-1870), which is considered as "a father of the eye medicine ", and which first successful Transplantation of the cornea/callosity (Keratoplastik) in the year 1905 by Eduard Zirm (1863-1944).

In the last decades ever further procedures were added into the diagnosis and therapy, those the understanding of eye diseases, as well as the individual treatment substantially improved. Is particularly the investigation of the retina, which represents the active sensory element of the human Sehorgans, but deeply in the eyeball hidden, substantial progress made. (e.g. optical

Articles in category "Eye medicine"

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