E-Health / Economical informatics

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Which the art term E-Health and/or E-health specifies accurately, over it so far no agreement prevails. A common definition is missing (cf. Eysenbach, 2001). Depending on, which author it concerns and which target group is anvisiert, E-Health mixes itself with the established terms such as Telemedizin (and further telex terms) or likewise new expressions like on-line Health, Cybermedizin and (Internet) Consumer Health Informatics (cf. Ferguson, 2002; cf. Ferguson, 1995).

Every now and then applications of the Telemedizin are meant with E-Health, if them itself on the Internet infrastructure or - support technology (for example IT-supported Expertenkonsile or the remote monitoring of the vital values of patients in the own house). Also beginnings of a direct patient computer interaction for the addition of the physician discussion received today with the Internet new momentum and are ranked in the consequence frequently among E-Health. But these are already for the 70's in the USA well-known, without the term E-Health for it was used (Slack et al., 1968; cf. Ferguson, 2002; cf. Slack, 1997; cf. Slack et al. 1976; Schuman et al., 1975; cf. Lucas et al. 1975; more to it on page 91). Thus Schuman already describe et al. 1975 and Lucas et al. 1976 projects for a computer-assisted collection of the anamnesis, in which the patients themselves serve the computers.

Frequently with E-Health also the cross-linking efforts in the health system are outlined (for example electronic patient documents) or designates general IT-driven infrastructure initiatives (for example electronic procurement via Internet) (cf. PWC, 1999). Beyond that under the term E-Health the tendency of most diverse participants (of insurance over health portals up to virtual groups of self-helps) is led to make health information and services accessible across Internet layman consumer. Same applies for trend global which can be observed to that that patients in the Internet make themselves well-informed medical topics and exert in the consequence stronger influence on their health care.

Therefore one of the most successful definition attempts for the term E-Health is accordingly comprehensively put on. Eysenbach (2001) does not only see therein "a technical development, but also one [...] (special) way of thinking, attitude and obligation to interlaced and global thinking, around the health care [...] by the use from information and communication technology to for improving". Altogether it appears that the new term was introduced, in order to mark clearly that from the convergence of Internet and medicine something new would develop, connected both with chances and risks for all participants in the health service. "E-Health advanced of Non Professionals, in particular the patients (or, in the E-Health-jargon, the consumer), who with their interests let new services in the health service develop - mostly around their Emanzipationsbestrebung by the entrance to information and knowledge to strengthen" (Della Mea, 2001; cf. all, 1999).

Origin of the term

As comprehensive term for meeting Internet and medicine E-Health in the course of the dotcom boom emerged first 1997 in restaurant economics and studies of management consultations. Only around the year 2000 the term E-Health was finally also in medical specialized journals represented (cf. Eysenbach, 2001; cf. Della Mea, 2001; Farmer, 2000; Goldstein, 2000). However science and economics were occupied with the article E-Health longer, without using for it this term. Internet-supported applications in the medicine find for example at the latest since 1991 scientific consideration (Hankins, 1991). The fact that from meeting patients and Internet for the medicine and the physician patient relationship something new can develop is described isolated since approximately 1993/94 and strengthened since 1995/96 in technical and public press.

Literature

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Della Mea, V.: What is e-health (2): The Death OF Editorial. http://www.jmir.org/2001/2/e22/index.htm journal OF Medical Internet Research 3, 2 (2001) S. e22.
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Schuman, S.H.; H.B. Curry; M.L. pyrolusite; R. Schneeweiss; G.C. Jebaily; H.M. Glazer; J.R. Cahn; W.H. Crigler: A computer administered interview on life events: improving patient doctor communication. J Fam Pract 2, 4 (1975) P. 263.
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Slack, W.: Cybermedicine: How Computing Empowrs Doctors and Patients for Better Health Care. Jossey bass, San Francisco 1997.