Disaster control (KatS) designates measures, which are met, in order lives, health or the environment in an emergency to protect.

In addition belong:

• preparing measures, like for example
  • the list of appropriate auxiliary facilities and - plans
  • the establishment of standard employment rules (SER) for fast reaction with same situations
• the protection from damage in the emergency
• the removal of disaster damage

Disaster control in Germany

Development

After in the German empire beside the fire-brigades and the German red cross military auxiliary commands were used with large damage situations, the technical help in need relieved the payment and equipment-moderately strongly disarmed realm resistance during the Weimar Republic. During the rule of the national socialism the three emergency services mentioned formed also the core of the disaster control in the civilian air protection, at that time for "safety and emergency service" (SHD), starting from July 1942 air security police mentioned.

After the Second World War the reconstruction of the disaster control began practically parallel with the rearmament in the two German states. In the Federal Republic 1950 the THW were created, 1956 the Federal Office for civilian population protection. The end of of the cold one war led the early into 1990er years to a strong dismantling of the disaster (and civilian) protection (locking of the warning offices, dismantling of the sirens (see alarm), dissolution of the medicine depots, locking of auxiliary hospitals and shelter). After the terrorist attacks in the United States in the year 2001 this development began itself to turn around. In the year 2006 altogether honorary aids in the civilian and disaster control were active answer on a small request of the link parliamentary group (16/1388), print 16/1571 over about 1.7 million.

Competencies

Danger warning in the emergency is in accordance with article 70 of the Basic Law task of the countries.

In case of an attack on the federal territory with force of arms or an appropriate direct threat (case of defense) the federation is responsible in accordance with article 73 No. 1 Basic Law for the protection of the civilian population (civil defense).

For purposes of the civil defense the federation makes means, which can integrate these into their peacetime disaster control to the countries available. In addition and supplements the federation the disaster control of the countries extends technical welfare organization (THW) by the list of the Federal Institution. People liable for military service can fulfill their service in units and mechanisms of the disaster control with six-year obligation (military service).

A rigid distinction of civil defense and disaster control as "war and peace" does not take place today. The Ministers of the Interior and Senators of the Interiors of the countries agreed together with the Federal Minister of the Interior on a "integrated danger warning system". That means that federation and countries bring their authority and abilities into a population protection, which considers all causes of the damage.

Organizations

In Germany different organizations engage themselves in the disaster control:

Public mechanisms

• Fire-brigades (above all CBR defense service and fire protection)
• Federal Institution technical welfare organization (THW)
• Federal Office for population protection and disaster relief (BBK)

Private and local organizations

• Worker Samariter federation (ASB), non-profit
• German lifesaving company (DLRG), non-profit
• German red cross (German Red Cross) with mountain and is awake, non-profit
• Johanniter accident assistance (JUH), non-profit
• Malteser emergency service (MHD), non-profit
• German amateur radio club (DARC)
• Nuclear emergency service
• Direction units of the disaster control authorities (see also under Related links)

Further organizations of the disaster control

In addition still further task forces come, e.g. from enterprise (for instance the pit resistance in the mining industry), private associations, authorities and federations up to NGOs. Also private people and companies can organize themselves for the disaster control operation spontaneously for the assistance (see the "EMON", Emergente of organization networks) or for it to be consulted depending upon local legal situation.

Self protection

The self-help ability is Grundpfeiler of the civil defense.

Alternative service in the disaster control instead of military or civil service

In Germany it can be exempted from the military, and/or civil service who for at least 6 years as an aid in the civilian or disaster control commits itself. Basis for this are conscription law and civil service law. The service-requiring must annually prove a minimum number on office-hours. Each unit receives a certain Stellenkontigent to the assignment. See also military alternative service

Examples of disaster control

• Taiwan operates an high-efficient disaster control for decades regarding Taifune. These eddy towers possess the same destruction strength as hurricanes. Thus even only few humans come around the life or to damage with the strongest Taifunen into Taiwan. Personal injuries are to be usually due to the disregarding of the instructions for authority.
• As negative example the precautions are considered on the occasion of hurricane the Katrina from August 2005 in the south of the USA. For example some ten thousand humans in an allegedly safe, were accommodated considered stadium without a supply was carried out by sanitary plants, food, water and medical assistance.

Literature

• Andreas Linhardt: Fire-brigade in the air protection 1926-1945, Braunschweig 2002, ISBN 3831137382
• Bittger: Large accidents and disasters, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3794517121
• Second danger report of the protection commission with the Federal Minister of the Interior, Bonn (office for federal administration - central office for civil defense) 2001

Sources

See also

• Honorary office, danger warning, disaster sociology
• Crisis intervention, emergency, state of emergency
• Radiation protection, Triage, warning, civil defense

Related links

• Working group of the directors/conductors of the occupation fire-brigades in Germany - AGBF -
• Working group civilian and disaster control of the working group of the directors/conductors of the occupation fire-brigades in North-Rhine/Westphalia - AGBF North-Rhine/Westphalia
• Federal Office for population protection and disaster relief (BBK)
• Tipps for the population
• German emergency precaution information system
• Danger report protection commission
• Disaster research centre of the University of Kiel
• Katastrophenschutz.de
• Disaster control registered association - Association for the optimization of the disaster control and the emergency measures
• district ludwigsburg.de - exemption of the military and/or civil service
• Protection commission with the Federal Minister of the Interior
• Central announcing and plotting station
• Specialized unit information and communication city Cuxhaven

Articles in category "Disaster control"

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