The term of the decomposition (see also erosion) is arranged as follows according to its causes:

Physical decomposition

By the physical decomposition one understands all those processes, which decompose the raw material on mechanical way and usually by a variation in volume and/or temperature and loosen thus the material federation up. See also aging, break and frost departure, structure, sediment and processes of the decay.

Temperature decomposition

The thermal decomposition (Insolationsverwitterung) ranks actually among the physical kinds of decomposition, as special category is however usually led. It is caused in firm materials by temperature differences. These can

• natural causes have (solar radiation, wind, frost, radiation weather, increase in pressure in the interior of the earth etc.) or
• to technical measures decrease/go back (heating, friction, aging/corrosion, radioactivity etc.)

Chemical decomposition

By the chemical decomposition one understands the whole all those processes, which to the chemical change or complete solution of minerals lead. Rocks in their characteristics are changed and set free materials in their environment and/or merged by it also from the environment into the mineral constituent (e.g. with damp buildings or the formation of conglomerates). With the chemical decomposition numerous processes are connected from the micro-technical corrosion to the spacious effect of the acid rain.

Solution decomposition

The solution decomposition attacks above all salt and carbonate rocks, whose minerals go into solution or crystal waters to take up (for example transformation anhydrite to gypsum). In the simplest case salts in the soil are dissolved by seeping water, whereby cavities can collapse. In other place porosity can be changed at the same time.

Carbonic acid decomposition

Limestone and dolomite are resistant to the dissolution of their minerals by pure water. As special form of the solution decomposition in water, which results from the connection of water and carbon dioxide, also their minerals are loosened, for example karbonathaltige minerals such as Calcit under simultaneous education from calcium hydrogencarbonate. One calls this carbonic acid decomposition or carbonating. From it the bizarren truck fields in the Karst and in the lime alps result.

Chemical-biological decomposition

This concerns one of plants and animals caused decomposition. The seperate of these organisms and/or root fibers attacks the crystal lattice and divides the rock into individual components. Above all vegetable and animal remainders out died the existing humus contains a large portion of Under Luftabschluss other processes take place, e.g. see Inkohlung and patches of peat.

Articles in category "Decomposition"

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