Crystallography and/or - grafie is the science of the crystals, their structure, emergence and their characteristics. It overlaps strongly with the neighbour sciences mineralogy, solid-state physics, chemistry and material science; crystallography a subsection of the mineralogy is historically seen.

The subject covers in detail (without requirement on completeness):

• Kristallgeometrie
• Crystal chemistry
• Physicochemical crystallography: Material structures, crystallization and crystal growth, diffusion, phase transitions
• Crystal physics
• Structural analysis: Crystal analysis with diffraction methods, spectroscopy
• Mesoskopi crystallography: Domains, twins
• Bio crystallography: Structure clearing-up of proteins, among other things
• Technical crystallography
• Investigation of non-crystalline, arranged systems: Pseudosymmetrical crystals (, modulated quasicrystals structures), liquid crystals, surfaces and boundary surfaces, short-range order in among other things
• Material sciences (materials technology)

In Germany crystallography can be studied as field of the course of studies "diploma mineralogy". In Switzerland a course of studies "diploma crystallographer" exists; there were these also in the GDR.

It must be mentioned that scientists of other fields use frequently the term "crystallography" than synonym for "crystal analysis with diffraction methods".

History

• 1669: Nicolaus Steno discovers the law of the angle Konstanz
• 1801: Just finds the symmetry law of crystallography
• 1890/91: Derivative of the 230 crystallographic space groups by Arthur Moritz and Jewgraf Stepanowitsch Fjodorow
• 1912: First experiments for Roentgen diffraction at crystals by max of Laue
• 1913: Clearing-up of the crystal structures of some minerals and alloys by William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
• 1953: Clearing-up of the crystal structure of the by James Watson and Francis Crick
• 1969: Clearing-up of the crystal structure of the insulin by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
• 1984: Discovery of five-tough leagues symmetry axes (quasicrystal) in fast cooled down aluminium manganese an alloy by Dan Shechtman and coworkers

Related links

• German society for crystallography
• Internationally union OF Crystallography
• Geosciences forum: Crystallography
• Atlas of the Krystallformen by Victor M. Goldschmidt

Articles in category "Crystallography"

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