The term of the criminality (of lat. crimen: Accusation, accusation, debt, crime) essentially orients itself at the legal definition of the criminal offence. While the "criminal offence" or the material crime term measures however rather at the individual behavior, with "criminality" the criminal offences are called total phenomenon ("macro phenomenon").

Definition and demarcation

Meant "criminality" is not only the behavior evaluated of the police as criminal offence, but all law breakings of criminal facts with the term.

Criminality however only as criminal offence existence to define, minimizes these to an argument particulars with the state.

As criminality each form of an encroachment must be designated on the personal property of a person by one or more other persons.

As personal property are considered health, lives and worker, freedom of movement, mental knowledge and Erfindung/en, personal income, fortunes and that of the children, as well as all mobile things.

Criminality is thereby the crucial opponent for harmonious living together of persons within and outside of a group, a society, a people or between the peoples and destroys the moral of humans.

In the core certainly, the definition offers vague outlines; frequently are not called criminality, since the author acts here without resolution and with it not A priori criminally.

Also the demarcations are problematic to the terms "crime", "Devianz" or "Delinquenz", which are partly synonymously used, however are actually not congruent.

The term crime usually orients itself at the conceptualness the criminal offence and emerges in particular in the context of the youth criminal law more frequently. It is to be differentiated from the civil view of the Deliktsrechts sharply. Besides it does not become as worth, but when term with "negative Konnotation" understood. The "Delinquenz" penetrated from the American Kriminologie into the German linguistic area. Either it is used as counterpart to the "crime" (with young people) or as counterpart to the light field criminality, then the criminality is meant in the Dunkelfeld with Delinquenz.

"Devianz" finally is not only criminality, but each standard-deviating behavior. It includes both irregularities and simply maladjusted social behavior.

As social problem the criminality looks still for a generally accepted explanation. The search for this explanation dedicates itself the Kriminologie. Actually consent prevails over the fact that criminality in all age groups, and at all places is to be found to all social systems Criminality is to be found also independent from the political system to. Even if in the early period of the GDR the criminality were regarded as civil leftover of the before-socialist system, criminality in each socialist state was to be found also into the late 1980er years.

Both individual and factors of the environment (e.g. the plant environmental view) are consulted. Really to intersperse itself so far none of the many theories could; all theories are

Practice

While the Kriminologie looks for explanation beginnings, the Kriminalistik avails itself of methods as subsidiary science more technically ("more forensischer") to the criminality fight (not preventing!), d.i. clearing-up of criminal offences. With the tasks of the clearing-up the public prosecutor's offices and their investigator (thus the policemen) are called in Germany. Apart from the usual methods the field of the clearing-up will leave ever more strongly by the experts, i.e. chemists, biologists, physicists, engineers, psychologists and the medical profession, since any longer only alone by the evaluation by testimonies the clearing-up cannot be mastered, but extensive trace safety devices experts for the evaluation to need.

To that extent it shows up that the technical progress first characteristics of the criminality are, later the prosecution authorities that adapts.

With the revolutionary discoveries of the Daktyloskopie and the PCR for the DNA analysis in each case euphoria broke out that in the future criminality would be extinguished, because the clearing-up ratios would rise to 100%. This Euphorien was always deceived.

understood

Often the term mass criminality is used. The term is scientifically disputed, it should better with everyday life criminality be designated. Mass criminality one names statistically at the most frequent occurring with those from the organized criminality and the heavy criminality/violent crime is distinguished. It is characteristic the fact that these criminal offences arise very frequently and counts Bagatellempfinden.Dazu prevailing with the authors above all:

1. Damage
2. Theft (of/from Kfz, bicycles, shoplifting)
3. Achievement obtaining by devious means (e.g. black driving, current theft)

See also: Bagatelldelikt

Small criminality understood

The term small criminality is used in the general linguistic usage for a less heavy form of the criminality. The so-called smallcriminal commits thus legally less serious criminal offences, evenly "Bagatelldelikte".

Harmless crime understood

The term harmless crime becomes for punishable actions, which are not regarded of the society as honour-actively or badly used.

Statistics

Criminality to measure or evaluate, appears already difficult, because comparisons are hardly possible with social mass phenomena. Since a society always is in the river, fluctuations are interpretively hardly to be arranged. As the most serious problem is the measurement of light field and Dunkelfeld. The evaluation of the light field, which constitutes only a small cutout of the criminality (the with the police registered criminality), is unproblematic and effected usually via the analysis of the police Kriminalstatistik. In the comparison to the Dunkelfeld however the readiness would have to be determined to refund announcement. Furthermore there is always questionings, experiments or observations, which make information over the possible criminality in the reference area. These are then projected, if the collections are statistically valide, representatively and reliabel. Because of these imponderables it is pretty often denied that at all reasonable statements can be transacted to the criminality.

Literature

• From Hans Dieter shrink: Kriminologie, 13. Edition Heidelberg 2003, ISBN 3-78320-003-2
• Kriminalistik for practice and training, Boorberg, ISBN 3-41502-669-8
• Cremer shepherd, Helga/Steinert, Heinz (1998): Punishing desire and repression. To the criticism of the populist Kriminologie,

Related links

• Enterprise underworld of Valentin land man, the world week 10/06
• Institut for Kriminologi social research of the University of Hamburg
• for safety and prevention research Hamburg
• Of Bremen Institut for Kriminalpolitik
• Kriminologi Forschungsinstitut Lower Saxony
• Konstanzer inventory to criminality development, Kriminalstatistik, Kriminologi left; University of Konstanz
• Telepolis: "The bad always and everywhere is" - why we see an increase of the criminality, where none is

Articles in category "Criminality"

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