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Cranial nerves the nerves are called, which rise directly from the brain, most of it the brain stem. The other nerves of the body rise from that back Marks. An exception forms the Nervus accessorius. It is considered as cranial nerve, although it rises partially from that back Marks. The first two cranial nerves (smelling nerve and Sehnerv) are actually no nerves, but parts of the brain, them are called due to the traditional view nevertheless further brain nerves.
A cranial nerve can lead all different fiber qualities: Motor, sensitive and vegetative fibers. The cranial nerves supply the entire head area, the neck and with parasympathischen fibers also the organs in the fuselage area.
There are 12 cranial nerves in pairs and thus reciprocally in each case put on. The numbering takes place with Roman numbers from top to bottom, according to the discharge position of the nerves at the brain.
| Number | Name | Supply area |
|---|---|---|
| I | Nervus olfactorius (smelling nerve) | Leads signals from the nose to the brain. |
| II | Nervus opticus (Sehnerv) | Leads the signals of the retina to the brain. |
| III | Nervus oculomotorius (eye movement nerve) | Eye and eyelid movement as well as the iris (iris) steers. |
| IV | Nervus trochlearis | Steers the diagonal upper eye muscle |
| V | Nervus trigeminus (triplet nerve) | Subdivided themselves into the eye nerve (Nervus ophthalmicus), the Oberkiefernerv (Nervus maxillaris) and the lower jaw nerve (Nervus mandibularis). It leads sensitive information from the whole face range to the brain and internal fourth the chewing musculature. |
| VI | Nervus abducens | Internal fourth the lateral eye muscle. |
| VII | Nervus facialis (face nerve) | If the musculature of the Mimik steers, also the taste perception in the front two thirds of the tongue and internal fourth all head glands mediate except the Parotis. |
| VIII | Nervus vestibulocochlearis (hearing and equilibrium nerve) | Responsibly for the forwarding of the information from the hearing snail and the organ of equilibrium. |
| IX | Nervus glossopharyngeus (tongue throat nerve) | Leads the signals of the rear tongue section to the brain and internal fourth muscles of the throat. Importantly for the sip act. |
| X | Nervus vagus | Main nerve of the Parasympathikus and at the regularization of the activity of many internal organs takes part |
| XI | Nervus accessorius | Supplied motor the Musculus trapezius and the Musculus sternocleidomastoideus. The Nervus accessorius actually rises from that back Mark. Since it pulls however parallel to back Marks into the head cave and leaves these then on the head basis again, it is ranked among the cranial nerves. |
| XII | Nervus hypoglossus (Unterzungennerv) | The tongue movement steers. |
The cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X and XI are called due to their Topografie with the embryo also Kiemenbogennerven.
An older name for the Nervus vestibulocochlearis is Nervus statoacusticus.
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