A composite material is a material from two or more connected materials. The composite material possesses other material properties than its components. For the characteristics of the composite materials are material characteristics and geometry of the components of importance. In particular size effects often play a role. The connection takes place via material or form closure or a combination of both. With packing beside it the term group material for for this purpose manufactured materials is used.

According to geometry of the group one differentiates:

• Particle composite materials, also as dispersion materials designates,
• GRP components materials,
• Layer composite materials, also as laminates designates,
• Penetration composite materials.

The components of a composite material can be thereby even again composite materials. With particle and GRP components materials particles and/or fibers are embedded into another component of the composite material, these are called matrix. In GRP components materials the fibers can run in one or more certain directions and/or have preferred directions. GRP components materials can be manufactured schichtweise, are thereby however still no layer composite materials, if the successive layers are homogeneous. The term laminate is here however also used. Layer composite materials consist of lying on top of one another layers of different number. The special case of three layers, of it two identical external layers, is called also sand yielding group. With penetration composite materials the individual components for itself form open-porous materials connected in each case. They are manufactured for example by watering places of a sintered material with a melted second material.

From the material organization of the materials into polymere (plastics), metallic, ceramic and organic materials result the fundamental combination options for composite materials. Userally-specific one tries to combine the different advantages of the individual materials in the final material and exclude the disadvantages.

GRP components materials:

• glass-fiber reinforced glass,
• boron fiber-strengthened aluminum,
• Fibrated concrete ("Eternit"),
• carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide high speed brake disks
• self-strengthened thermoplastics (plastic fibers in plastic matrix of the same composition)
• Reinforced concrete,
• Fiber-reinforced concrete,
• Fiber reinforced plastics groups
  • carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFK)
  • glass-fiber reinforced plastic (GRP)
  • aramide fiber-strengthened plastic (AFK)
• Fiber ceramic(s) groups (Ceramic matrix Composites (CMC))

Layer composite materials:

• Composite slabs (e.g. plywood)
• Verbundrohr
• TiGr Composit: A material from titanium, carbon fibers and epoxy resin
• Glare: A material on glass-fiber reinforced plastic and aluminum
• Honeycomb
• Thermobimetall
• Hylite

See also

Composite construction

Articles in category "Composite material"

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