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In a coking plant from coal by means of dry distillation method is produced coke. The volatile components in the coal are set free and sucked off by heating up on a temperature of 900"°C and 1400"°C. By degassing forms a porenhaltiger coke, which essentially contains carbon and ash components. From the raw gas the so-called coal valuable material tar, sulfuric acid, ammonia, Naphthalin, are won benzene which are prepared further in chemical works.
In the beginnings of the iron production excluding charcoal for smelting of ores one used. Coal or wood is not suitable for since the necessary high temperatures were not reached and due to the admixtures of the fuels no sufficient pig iron quality are errreichbar. By the need of wood, which was converted in a completely similar procedure as the coal coking into charcoal, whole regions changed their appearance by clearing enormous tree existence. Only in 18. Century was developed the coal coking. The fuel developed again replaced the charcoal and made the today's mass production possible of pig irons.
A fuel is produced by the distillation from coal to coke, which is more carbon-rich, more purely and of even quality than the raw material coal. With its burn less sulfur develops and for less ash, materials, which are unwanted in later application e.g. in the blast furnace, since they decrease the quality of the iron smelt substantially.
The fuel coke can be adapted by the controlled Bedingungem during the coking plant process depending upon Verwendungszeck to certain requirements how
The most frequent final products are nowadays blast furnace and Giessereikoks.Eine of the important characteristics blast furnace coke are the firmness also at high temperatures. Apart from the task to serve as fuel the coke in the blast furnace supports the entire material column from ore and aggregates. Coal in its place would bake and the aeration more difficult of the mixture would make.
After a furnace is filled, the drives again to the Kohlenbunker, and the procedure begins with another furnace from the front. The flow charts are co-ordinated so that every few minutes an expressing procedure can take place. The furnace walls are heated continuously with the gas developing with the coking plant process. Depending upon goal characteristics coke and furnace size is appropriate the baking duration between 15 and over 30 hours.
For a smooth enterprise of the black side the following jobs are to be occupied at least:
On the so-called black side of a coking plant takes place the actual production coke. During the work within this range develop types of dust and exhaust gases, which led to the naming.
The coke oven is the central component of a coking plant. The mostly used horizontal furnaces (direction of motion with coke expressions) are usually several meters high and deep, but only approx. 1/2 m broad. Most modern furnace chambers have a volume of up to 100 m Many of these furnaces will combined into a so-called furnace battery, whereby the furnace chambers are always arranged between in which at 1200 to 1400 "°C gases are burned and so the furnace walls to heat up.
After a first fire mixture phase of approx. 3 months with start-up of a coking plant the heating process takes place continuously. A too fast heating or immediate switching of beaconing a battery off leads inevitably to strong thermal tensions, which destroy the plant irreparably.
The coke ovens are brick-lined similarly as a blast furnace on the inside with heatproof Schamott or silica bricks. Each furnace has three openings important for the enterprise, the front and rear door at the faces, which are as broad as the chambers, as well as at least one filler opening on the furnace cover for the filling of the furnace with coal, usually however four to five, in order to bring and distribute the coal relatively evenly into the furnace. The smooth pushing of the brought in coal is accomplished with a planing bar. This planing bar is at the swaging machine and by this on is set.
The furnace cover is not simply only the roof of a Koksofenbatterie. On the furnace cover the between the individual filler openings of the coke ovens drives and to one or more coal shelters back and forth. The job on the furnace cover is not harmless. Heat, dust, gases and flames make the work more difficult.
Depending upon kind of equipment construction one or more Kohlenbunker are on the furnace cover or at one of the ends of a battery. A shelter contains the coal supplies, which are spent by the into the furnaces. The Bunkerkohle is on the goal characteristics coke co-ordinated mixture of different coal sorts, which before already received a certain granulation by sieving or grinding.
By machine side one understands the side of a Koksofenbatterie, on which the swaging machine (also "pressing locomotive" mentioned) runs (drives). The swaging machine has the task to express the finished coke cake (the coking coal refined under Luftabschluss) for subsequent treatment. For this a bar is used, which very frequently two is to three-divided, in order to be able to drive on the entire length of the furnace. At the front end of this bar is the pressing head. The course before the furnaces, on the machine side, is called master course. This machine side course is so broad that here not only the "door plate" to its work can attend, but also the "coke master" (also "gas master" mentioned).
The coke side is that side of a Koksofenbatterie, at which refine coke from the furnace falls and in the arrived. So that this can happen problem-free, here the "coke cake guidance car" drives, also KKF mentioned. A machinist (door plate) serves the machine and drives to the appropriate furnace. If all safety signals are to green, with the KKF the door is opened. The KKF drives then the "tub" into position. This tub is only the guidance for the coke cake, of the furnace over the course to the
A distinguisher of the processing is the kind by opening the contact to the atmospheric oxygen is manufactured, begins the coke at the still dominant temperatures to burn. In order to prevent, it must be deleted fast and cooled down.
This cooling can happen in the following kinds:
Still 1986 was the measured values for a coke wet cooling procedure about 200 to 2000g dust per ton coke. In the modern CSQ procedure (Coke Stabilizing Quenching) one counts only on a load from 10 to 15g/t.
(usually with nitrogen as inert gas)
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