The central nervous system (ZNS or CNS von Central Nervous system) is the fabric, which fulfills different tasks in a more complex organism:

• to the integration of all "sensitive" attractions, which are transmitted to it - afferently - from within or outside of the organism,
• to the co-ordination of all motor own contributions of the total organism
• and regularization of all innerorganismischen tuning procedures between the organismischen subsystems or organs, including such humoraler and in particular hormoneal kind, running off thereby.

All more complex, than whole one moving organism, therefore all higher animals need themselves a "system" with these functions. It as control system to regard is obvious, is however not not correct. In the actual sense the ZNS "does not steer". It contributes due to its central position apart from the innerorganismischen self regularization automatically also to the upright ago attitude of the functionality of the total organism in relation to organismisch relevant conditions in his environment or environment (Jakob Johann of

The ZNS "always obtain" thereby after two sides: when central integration, co-ordination and regularization organ do not only serve it for the processing of attractions, which arrive over the sensory organs of outside of the organism, trained by the respective organism, in the ZNS, but also of those, which are produced in the organism. Animals do not become lively therefore only from environmental condition to reactions. They become active also on their part. This can occur even during resting or sleeping if achieve produced self-attractions larger intensity; with humans this is for instance with violent or more intensive dreams the case. These accompany partly with strong activation also in the sleep incessantly vegetativy adjusted ranges of the organism as for instance heart impact or perspiration, so that stronger "(with) reactions" of this kind work for its part than waking attractions and "excited" awaked.

Organisms such as humans, who learn, therefore to practice can to produce such "internal attractions" as "conceptions" of all kinds - e.g. visual and/or figurative or acoustic and/or klanglicher kind etc. - also in the awake condition as conference areas or imaginations can this use to energize organismische reactions with itself which are not subject to willentlichen control like the Motorik. Those are all autonomous vegetative body procedures such as blood pressure regulation, heart impact adjustment, welding and tear production as well as the adjustment of the "automatic" muscle tonus. In such cases the automatism of the brain is used at the "self influence", one of the many empirical proofs that the brain does not determine, what happens, but that, which uses it whether it knows this or not.

Cell types in the ZNS

In the fabric of the ZNS is composed of different cell types. In addition primarily nerve cells and glial cells count.

ZNS of the vertebrate animals

With humans and the remaining vertebrate animals one summarizes under ZNS brain and back Mark and defines it in such a way against the peripheral nervous system, which consists however only of the extensions of the motor or sensitive neurons of the ZNS. One differentiates according to beginning place between the motor and other somatic portions and the viszeralen portions, which are adjusted by the vegetative nervous system and/or in such a way designated part of the ZNS.

The ZNS becomes the grey the substance into (Substantia grisea) and the white substance (Substantia alba) subdivided. The grey substance is appropriate in the brain outside, in back Marks inside. Both portions show themselves by a cut already with the naked eye on the basis the named-giving color. The grey substance consists predominantly of nerve cell bodies, the white from their extensions (axons), thus the line courses. However accumulations of nerve cell bodies are likewise interspersed, the Nuclei into the white substance ("cores" or "central areas"). The larger central areas are likewise easy to recognize.

Low animals

The dorsalen, centralnervous structures of the Vertebraten could be homologous the ventralen structures of the cord leader nervous systems of insects. A such hypothesis was already formulated 1875 by Felix Anton Dohrn, which assumed that both can be attributed to the nerve network of ringelwurmartigen moving forward.

Articles in category "Central nervous system"

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