Carpet / Textile industry - Economy-point.org

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Carpets are usually examined fabrics, which serve padding etc. since the antiquity for dressing walls (the later wallpapers) as well as for covering floors. The carpets find this versatile use at present only in the Orient, while they are used in Europe almost exclusively for covering floors.

One differentiates between eastern carpets, which on frame-like devices by manual work, and European, which are made on (machine) looms.

Eastern carpets

As the oldest attached carpet today the carpet from a grave in the Pasyryktal in south Siberia (exterior Mongolia) is considered. He was found 1949 and is received owing to the ice preservation in good condition. One assumes he developed around 500 v. Chr. By him one recognizes all characteristics of the Orientteppichs.Um 330 before Christ already brings Alexander the large one for the first time oriental carpets of its Asia campaigns also in the evening country. Since carpets from passing material are made, there are not unfortunately a great many historical artifacts, at which the development of the samples could be reconstructed. Fortunately the carpet attaching art inspired another very much steadier art with its samples: The architecture of the Orients "abgekupfert" the ornamental art of the front mosaics the carpets. The carpet is actually a various piece of furniture of the Nomaden. Practically, because one rolls it up well, on the camel to pack and at the new lay-by immediately again in enterprise take can. Like that the original use of a Hatschlu was a to the Jurte.Die cradle of the Nomadenkinder was manufactured, exactly the same from carpet as the kitchen locker, the bag for salt keeping and the isolation of the Jurtebodens against the cold desert nights: Everything was manufactured from carpet. Even the camel bags, which one needed, around the furniture to were from it. Each trunk has its own sample and his own colour since generations. So a so-called in an Afghan carpet can be equated nearly with a European family coat of arms.

Eastern carpets supply India, Iran, Turkey. They come occasionally in addition, from the Caucasus as well as from Pakistan, Croatia, or Romania. They are particularly characterised by splendid work and by the sample, which leaves the perspective and the naturalistische imitation vegetabilischer and animalischer bodies been based on the principle of the surface decoration, aside and consists of delicate ornamentations in harmonious colouring. The eastern carpets are worked or attached.

First, since they are manufactured in one the picture knitting department similar technology, mislead-proves also gobelinartige carpets called. Their correct designation is effect carpet. They form a smooth fabric, whose chain from linen or cotton yarn is completely covered by a closely fastened wollenen shot, so that a ripsartiger material develops. The shot is registered meanwhile not by the entire fabric width into the chaining threads, but connected only to to the edge of the adjacent color surface with the chain and led back then.

The attached, carpets are manufactured on more baumwollener, leinener or wollener chain by the a attaching of Florma, which one inserts individually everyone by the width of the carpet. After completion of the carpet the Flor of the same is equalized with simple Handscheren. The material of the Flors is sheep wool, for finer carpets also Ziegenhaare and silk. The most beautiful and finest oriental carpets are e.g. attached after like before in Persia, Isfahan, Ghom or Nain. With a knot refinement of over 1.000.000 knots per square meter. partially on silk chain attached they correspond to the European and American taste. Also the Turkish Hereke, newer pieces of the companies Ipek and reinseidene carpets also over 1.000.000 knots per square meter are in demand Indian have one substantially higher Flor and 300-350 meshes on a meter, for which European trade are however by far more important the much cheaper Turkish carpets, by which the Smyrnaer with 120-200 meshes is most valued; they always possess a wollene chain, while those consists the Persian and Indian of cotton.

The eastern carpets, in particular the attached Smyrnateppiche, are copied with good success in Europe, particularly in Germany (forging mountain since 1856, Kottbus, Wurzen, jumps, lime trees etc.) and Vienna, with application the same method. One works however with chain from linen yarn and Grundschuss from jute, achieves a large technical perfection and understands also the samples and colors so faithfully to copy that a large difference between genuine and copied Smyrnateppichen does not exist no more. Imitations of the eastern twisted carpets are the Gobelins.

The finest carpet of the earth has 576 knots on one qcm. Five women worked five years on this carpet, which was manufactured for Ozipek Halicilik in Hereke and sold as "Hereke Treasure" in March 1988 to the company Gandhara Carpet Ltd. in Tokyo/Japan.

European carpets

The actual European carpets are manufactured on weaving looms, the better on the Jacquardmaschine. The smooth carpets usually form in Europe as in the Orient the smaller sort; one produces it from cow or Ziegenhaar, common caper yarn or jute and uses her as run carpets for covering stairs, corridors etc.

Here also the Kidderminsterteppiche belongs from double fabric, wollener or baumwollener chain and much stronger wollenen shot; the sample produces itself on the right of and left in the same way. Kidderminster carpets are manufactured with the mechanical Spoolaxminster or grip arm technology. Since this kind of the production took place for the first time in the English city Kidderminster, the T were called. after your "birth city"! The designation "double fabric "is wrong.

The has either a ungeschnittenen Flor, which forms small, closed burls (Brussels carpets), or a cut open Flor, for the one including-like surface forms (velours, Tournai, Wilton, Axminsterteppiche). The production is essentially those of the and velvets. The sample is usually brought out with the Jacquardmaschine, and depending on it more or less colors contains, pulls one between two leinenen basic threads each more or less into everyone guessed/advised in and differentiates according to the number the same the carpets as three, four, five etc. or - teilige.

One obtains cheaper carpets by imprinting the sample, by one either woven stucco printed on or the sample of the Polkette* before the processing appliziert. The latter procedure supplies a very good commodity, which exceeds the carpets printed on in the piece far. Manufactured the German carpet factory anchor, Gebr. Schoeller supplied high-quality carpets in the *Kettdruckverfahren to Unfortunately the qualities Delhpi and Sivas are not any longer manufactured.

The Ornamentation of the carpets either the eastern after custom (particularly the Jacquardteppiche) or it covers the whole surface with flowers, animals, architecture etc. (particularly carpets printed on). The first principle broke as ever more course aesthetically the most appropriate for carpets, so that the naturalism in Germany, England and Austria controls only the cheap commodity.

In France against it the naturalistische Dessin in the extravagantesten forms is still prevailing. At present in England, Austria and Germany eastern carpets of all kinds are copied. In Germany, which in former times to a large extent *Kettendruckteppiche supplied, also carpets in Brussels ones and Axminsterart are produced.