The cupola furnace is a shaft furnace, in which metals can be melted. Usually cupola furnaces are used for the production of cast irons.

The cupola furnace resembles strong the blast furnace in structure and function mode, is however clearly smaller and reached not with a height of approximately 10 m the temperatures, which are necessary for fuses of ore.

Over ignited from its reason a wood fire will start the furnace and covered with coke. With newer furnaces coal is filled into the furnace and brought with gas burners to the glowing. Subsequently, the furnace with several layers from metal and coke is filled up and blown on with air. Temperatures up to 1.600"°C at the reason of the furnace, which brings the metal to melting, develop. Air for blowing on is transmitted to the furnace from the Windring and can be shifted for better burn and/or also for the easy reduction of the carbon content of the erschmolzenen iron with pure oxygen. Depending upon that, whether air is led preheated into the furnace, or not, one differentiates between the heisswind and the cold wind cupola furnace.

The cupola furnace is fed with Stahlschrott and machine casting break. The attitude of the carbon content (C-content) of the erschmolzenen iron is made by the relationship Stahlschrott (small C-content) to machine casting break. An increased addition of coke increases likewise the C-content. To neutralize and keep better flowable furthermore lime added around the developing sour cinder.

For the withdrawal of the metal the furnace something must be punctured above its reason. The pass a siphon follows, which possesses two discharge openings: the cinder is derived by the upper one into a photograph container. The iron under the cinder is pushed through by the other one and can be led e.g. into a reproaching furnace. The function of the siphon is possible only due to an easy positive pressure in the furnace. The correct attitude of the clinkering and of the iron discharge opening to the depends much of the experience of the coworkers at the respective furnace.

Cupola furnaces are replaced in increasing measure by induction furnaces, since this less cinder and wastes produce, in the use are and can with them the composition of the fusion product more flexible be adjusted more exactly. However induction furnaces can be fed only with pre-treated scrap iron and are less economical, than a large cupola furnace.

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