Creation of value chain (also logistic chain, Supply chain or achievement economy) in systematics of the operational process the way of a raw material is named from its stores to the consumer with the increase in value (increase in value), taken place in each stage. For the first time the idea and conception of the creation of value chain of the economist Michael E became. Porter 1985 in its book Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior performance presented. Since then it belongs to the standard repertoire of the economic science.

Definition

The value of a product or a service consists not only of the actual product, but in individual cases of very many different components, which develop in "the creation of value stages "; several creation of value stages represent thus the creation of value chain. Contrary to the value chain (VALUE chain), which exclusively to the intraorganisationalen ranges refers, a delivery chain from several enterprises one regards here.

If a stage has several predecessors and successors - which the case actual predominantly, speaks one of one "creation of value net ".

One regards a raw material, for example coal:

1. This is gotten from the earth and sold to a steel plant.
2. The steel plant fires the coal and manufactures for it stealing vines. These become at one
3. Automobile supplier sells, which processes it in a body part, which at one
4. Car manufacturer and blocked there to a car is sold.
5. This car is sold to a dealer and lands finally with
6. Consumer, by buying the car.

If the creation of value chain is pursued from the raw material to the consumer, then shows itself, in which measure and for which the raw material is used. In addition becomes clear, how extensive consequences can have of the raw material.

If the creation of value chain is retraced from the consumer to the raw material, then shows itself, what everything for the production of a final product was used. Thus also effects of changes of demand can be measured.

Goods and services flow in the creation of value chain from the manufacturer to the consumer. Money flows in the creation of value chain in the opposite direction - from the consumer to the manufacturer. The information belonging to this chain flows first from the consumer to the manufacturer (e.g. Order of a book in the business. This orders it then with the publishing house, that again for production its means ordered etc.). The be-accompanying information flows either with them (e.g. ) Or go to delivery note ahead to these (e.g. Delivery advice).

Events in an economic system have usually only then direct effects on the national economy, if they have direct effects on the creation of value chain:

• For example a sudden rise of the oil price in a oil-dependent national economy would entail a on a long-term basis smaller oil consumption with same achievement of this national economy. The reason is that oil is a part of the creation of value chain.
• For example the increase and falling share quotations does not have a direct effect on the creation of value chain. The reason is that shares are not a part of the creation of value chain. (However indirect effects are quite conceivable.)
• For this reason e.g. the question, whether participants in the economy hold their money in bar or as cash on account, does not have a direct meaning for a national economy.

Globalization and logistics

In principle the Sourcing concerns itself with the search for an optimal creation of value chain from the manufacture and logistics costs arises an optimum. Often devoted from this simple optimization production locations for Vorprodukte in developing countries would develop whereby very slow-acting rule structures. As additional boundary condition supply security and response time are to be built into the optimization. For reasons of the minimizing the risk and due to the rising transport costs (road using deliveries, fuel costs) a regional concentration of the creation of value chain is meaningful.

See also

• Supply chain management
• Creation of value

Literature

• D. cutter, L. Hopfmann, C. Baur: RH Design of the value chain by make or buy. Wiesbaden 1994
• Michael E. Porter: Competitive Advantage. New York 1985
• Rolf G. Poluha: Application of the SCOR model for the analysis of the Supply chain. Lohmar and Cologne 2005, ISBN 3899364104

Related links

• http://www.bpm-guide.de/articles/24 process management in the Supply chain - a conversion example from practice
• http://www.supply-chain.org/ (English)
• Co-operation in the creation of value chain

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