Contracting (English contract closing) is the transmission of own tasks of the right subject for energy supply and - supply on a service enterprise specialized in it. In particular the term refers to the supply of warmth, cold weather, river, steam, compressed air etc.

Idea of the Contractings and history

Contracting is based on an idea of the Scottish inventor James Watt. "We will leave a steam engine free of charge to you. We will install these and will take over for five years the customer service. We guarantee you that the coal for the machine costs less, than you must spend at present at fodder (energy) on the horses, which do the same work. And everything that we require of you, is that you give us a third of the money, which you save. "(James Watt, 1736-1819)

In Germany starting from approximately 1980 economical models based on in the USA used performance Contracting one developed. First models of the warmth Contractings developed. In the following decade developed the offerer market. Nearly 500 offerers arose into the 1990er year on the market, a whole set of it in the meantime again disappeared. In the industry a concentration process began, which the most efficient enterprises (conversions > 80 millions "€ per annum) got over. Smaller enterprises, e.g. heating engineer tried in the industry, disappeared or their projects by the larger companies were nearly completely taken over.

The meeting and literature offer increased in this time likewise strongly. The different federations and organizations of the energy and heat suppliers contributed for this. With the draft of the DIN 8930-5 the attempt was undertaken to determine at least the nomenclature of the individual Contracting kinds. The DIN can however with the rapid development at the market hardly keep up and can if necessary for a first orientation over the Grundtypen of the Contracting contracts be consulted.

While other services approximately experienced a proper outsourcing boom (e.g. cleaning, security agencies, cafeterias) around the building use in the past two decades could the outsourcing of in-house power supply in the way of the Contracting only relatively small increases register. This is to be justified primarily with the fact that with the Contracting because of high specific investments (only for the individual location and/or customer usable) the typical outsourcing advantages are void: 1. the energy costs cannot be lowered with the Contracting in the comparison to the self-implementing considerably (often even cost disadvantage) and 2. usually the flexibility advantage attainable with the outsourcing (fixed costs become variable costs) the Contractor the complete amortization of its investment escapes over a long-term contract connection with appropriate basic prices (=Fixkosten) to secure leaves itself with the plant Contracting completely, there. On the Hanover fair (in April 2005) clearly an increasing specialization on individual market segments, e.g. housing industry, steam and heat supply appeared industry, at the Contracting companies represented there.

Contracting Parties

Contractor

is the implementing enterprise. Its tasks exist in consultation, planning, financing and enterprise of the plants within the contractually fixed period.

Contracting taker

the client is and usually the receiver of the Contractingleistung, e.g. the owner of the real estate which can be supplied. The designation of the different Contracting - types is not uniform.

Variants

According to the DIN standard (DIN 8930 part of 5)

1. Energiespar Contracting also performance Contracting or (energy) save Contracting called.

2. Energieliefer Contracting also plant Contracting or use suppl. IE supply mentioned.

3. Financing Contracting also Third party Financing (TPF) or equipment construction leasing called.

4. Management Contracting or technical building management mentioned

Plant Contracting

also Energieliefer Contracting or use suppl. IE supply one calls. The Contractor establishes and operates the energy installation on own risk and costs on the basis of long-term contracts with its customers. The contract running times vary between 5 to 20 years. A mutual goal, by optimization economic and ecological advantages achieve. The costs of the Contractors of production, financing, maintenance and primary energy purchase flow into a usually zweigliedriges price system consisting of a fixed basic price (GP) for example "€/kW, "€/a, "€/Monat and a variabelen work price (AP) for example into "€/kWh, "€/MWh. In that practice different price sliding or price adjustment formulas developed, the one usually according to schedule fixed adjustment of the prices with changed basic conditions: Change of the prices for primary energy, material or labour costs, make possible. When starting point for the price adjustments frequently the index numbers of the statistic federal office are contractually agreed upon.

Management Contracting

the energy installations are located in the property of the Contractingnehmers. The Contractorist responsible for the troublefree enterprise of the plants. Account-takes place usually overall after expenditure or achievement. This kind of the Contractings is used usually there, where a troublefree enterprise is absolutely necessary. for example compressed air for production plants, or heating in the hospital.

Save Contracting

also energy save Contracting or performance Contracting is called. The Contractor plans, builds and operates all measures for the reaching of the energy conservation is necessary. The financing can take place via the Contractor.

The saved energy costs finance the achievement of the Contractors and by this are guaranteed.

Financing Contracting

also equipment construction leasing or Third party Financing one calls. The financing is incumbent on the Contractor, the operator risk lies further with the Contractingnehmer. Operational area with definable technical mechanisms or Anlagen.Finanzierungs Contracting is often connected with plant management or management Contracting.

Legal bases

The remarks refer to right of the German Federal Republic. I.d.R is closed between Contractor and Contractingnehmer a supply contract over the medium which can be supplied, e.g. .ein heat supply contract. Bases for this are among other things the BGBund the regulation over general conditions for the supply of long-distance heating () regulation of the Federal Minister for economics from 20 July 1980 (BGBl. I, P. 742) - changed by the regulation for the change of the energy-savingslegal regulations vom19. January 1989 BGBl. I, P. 112). Around the rights i.d.R. easements or endorsements will secure used.

Perspectives

Low-priced homes of one's own

In the near future great importance could come to the Contracting in the range of planning and the building of low-priced single family houses. The house farmer the investments for their own heating system, oil tank, would in each case save chimneys, heating elements. At the same time more would be available for living purposes usable area. By the bulk buying of energy the Contractor can make more favorably than the individual owners of house energy services available. By long-term contracts the energy costs for the Contractingnehmer flat and visible are. Resetting for maintenance, maintenance, replacement are incumbent on the Contractor.

Range of special fuels

Contractingmodelle make it for enterprise possible their energy employment of oil/natural gas on world market-independent special fuels to change over like wood shreds oderBraunkohlenstaub to bind without knappe investment means already-set-and own personnel resources.

Further areas of application

• Solarthermie - solar heat production partly in connection with terrestrial heat
• Warmth and generation of current from biomass plants from renewable sources of energy or waste materials
• Compressed air - Contracting
• Public investments
• Contractingmodelle could remove the acquisition and maintenance of their traffic lights from a municipality
• Domestic refuse fee optimization as kind of play of the save Contractings
• Contracting for example mobile
• Contractingmodelle for rain water use plants
• Contracting in the industriellen water management

Articles in category "Contracting"

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