The common support thorn (Lycium barbarum) is a night shade plant (Solanaceae) from the kind of the support thorns (Lycium). The plant immigrated a Neophyt, to us, and also Chinese wolf berry was thus called. In China she is called (ning xia gou qi: Gouqi from Ningxia), in the English-language area Goji. Their fruit contains several pharmakologisch effective substances and it is a component of the traditional Chinese medicine.

Occurrence

After Ellenberg the common support thorn is a full light plant, it shows warmth, freshness, Schwachbasen, nitrogen poverty to moderate - wealth. It occurs predominantly in and near the cities of East Germany, verwildert at walls and fences. One sees it less frequent in the west of Germany. It stands neither salt nor heavy metal Federal Office for nature protection, FloraWeb. On

Where the actual homeland of the support thorn lies, is its natural location from South-east Europe to China is unclearly probable to be found. From there it spread as cultivated plant to completely Asia, Europe, North America, North Africa and Australia/New Zealand.

Description

The common support thorn is a summer-greener bush, which can become high two to four meters. Its usually bristly branches hang bend-like down and carry oblong, long grey-green sheets, the 2 to 3 cm broad and 3 to 10 cm become long and individually or against-constantly at the branch sitzenFlora OF China Project, Flora OF China. Volume. 17. S.~303, on

Bloom

The bloom time common support thorn is from June to August. The bloom conditions contain one or more zwittrige (hermaphroditische) blooms, which sit in each case on a 1 to 2 cm long handle. The bloom cup is 4 to 5 mm in the diameter, bell-shaped and two-lug. The bloom crown is violet and with 5 to 6 mm is enough oneself spreading petals, which are nearly unbehaart at the edge. The cup has a length of 8 to 10 millimeters, the dust containers and styluses stands from it easily out.

Fruits and habitat

Dusting takes place via insects (bees) or self dusting. The shine-red or orange-yellow, oblong to 0,4 to 2 mm broad and 5 to 12 mm long fruits mature from August to Octobers and spread their seeds assistance of the animals, by which they are eaten. Each individual fruit contains 4 to 20 brown-yellow round seed with a diameter of approximately 2 mm.

On the support thorn butterfly crawler-type vehicles of the kinds Manduca became sexta, Manduca quinquemaculatus and the beobachtetG. S. Robinson and others: HOST - A DATA cousin OF the hostplants OF the world's Lepidoptera. On http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/hostplants/. As parasits lice of the kinds seem to Aphis and Paratrioza.

Subspecies

From the common support thorn there are two subspecies.

• L. barbarum var. auranticarpum K.F.Ching: This subspecies occurs only in China. The sheets are rather narrow and fleshy. Only 4 to 8 seeds is in the orange-yellow fruits.
• L. barbarum var. barbarum L.: The sheets are rather broadly, thin or even paper-like. The number of seeds per fruit lies more highly than 15. The fruits have a red color.

Synonymous one

Several descriptions of plant are summarized in the meantime in the kind L. barbarum:

• Lycium chinense Miller
• Lycium halimifolium Miller
• Lycium lanceolatum Veillard
• Lycium turbinatum Veillard
• Lycium vulgare Dunal

It is assumed that also Lycium is identical to the common support thorn europaeum L.

Contents materials

Earlier assumptions, which support thorn will Hyoscyamin contain, were disproved already, the rumor keep themselves however further persistent. A strong Giftigkeit cannot be derived from it, just as few from the small quantities of Withaferin A, found wurdenB. Bad: Giftpflanzen.COMpendium. On http://www.giftpflanzen.com/lycium_barbarum.html. Cases of poisoning are not well-known, the fruit juice are available from many manufacturers.

In the fruits are among other things

• eight to ten per cent amino acids,
• 0,5 per cent Vitamin of the C-forerunner 2-O ascorbic acid,
• 0,1 per cent betaine,
• Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, B2, GABA and nicotine acid,
• the Tetraterpene Zeaxanthin and Physalein,
• the Steroide Solasodin, and its forerunner Daucosterol,
• Polysaccharide (the one majority of the medical effects cause),
• Scopoletin and proteins.

Use

Support thorn is used in China for cooking and in the naturopathy. In the northwestChinese provinces Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and internal Mongolia grows the support thorn in the oversize. In the summer and autumn the fruits are harvested and dried in the sun, until the skin geschrumpelt completely istJ. P. Hou: The Healing power OF Chinese Herbs and Medicinal Recipes. ISBN 0789022028, Haworth Integrative Healing press, 2005, P. 152 FF. Which concerns the processing in the kitchen, the fruits are cooked or eaten, if there is sweet, also roughly; some variants seem to be quite sour. Sheets of young plants should be usable also as sheet vegetables.

Traditionally the Chinese take dried support thorn berries against high blood pressure and blood sugar, for eye problems, for the support of the immune system and for the Vorbeugung and treatment of cancer. As single dosage 6 to 15 gram of the dried berries as Absud, in wine or as Tinktur is indicated. The modern science was interested in the contents materials and many referring to medical effectiveness found. All effects mentioned are usually occupied by authors of Chinese nationality, in laboratory studies. Unfortunately there is only, little meaningful clinical study to the effectiveness against KrebsR. Moss: A Friendly Skeptic Looks RK Goji Juice. On http://chetday.com/gojijuice.htm. The ophtalmologischen effects are plausible due to the Zeaxanthin content.

Sources

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