The common fishery politics (GFP) are a politics policy of the European union. Task of the policy is it to promote the fish economy by different measures above all however sets it for catch quotas regarding the different member states and determined fish types.

Economic basis of the GFP is the Tragik that common land: Fish existence are a common land property. Individually rationally acting participants (Fischer) try as effectively as possible as much fish as catching possible. Practically this leads with technical development to a strong decrease of the fish existence and to over-capacities in the fishing fleet, since the expenditure continues to grow to catch sufficiently fish with retrogressive existence ever and one operates. Political basis was the expansion of national exclusive economic zones inserting into the 1970ern on the 200-Meilen-Zone, which led to strong tensions within the European community, since many European Fischer from its traditional Fischfanggebieten were excluded in such a way.

2004 lay the budget of the GFP with "€931 millions and thus with approximately 0.75% of the European Union total budget. The GFP is to create a reconciliation between the Fischern of the different member states and an overfishing of the seas to prevent. While the catch quotas serve the market adjustment and environmental protection, the payments serve reconciliation to the countries, which are on the Common Market less competitive and meanwhile they are to subsidize also environmentalfairer techniques. In regular intervals they criticize both scientists, who fear overfishing, and Fischer.

The contract of Amsterdam treats the GFP exactly directly as common Agrarpolitik.Die suggested European condition plans the GFP as one wenign of the politics policies, within which "exclusive authority is granted to the European Union ". Formally conditions it thereby outside of the jurisdiction of individual member states, even if the decision further particularly in the advice of the European union were met.

Ecological, social one and economic meaning of fishing

Fishery amounts to less than 1% of the BNPs of the European Union, in it works however 260,000 Fischer, which works on approximately 97,000 ships. They landed 1995 about 8 million tons fish. In the same year the states of the European Union exported 1.6 million tons fish, while they imported gleichzeitug 4.3 million tons.

In no region of the European Union more than 10% of the persons employed in fishing worked, often are the centers of the fishery however in structure-weak areas with few possibilities of finding work. For this reason the European Union released means, in order to promote the regional development.

The fishery sector shrinks thereby contrary to aquacultures for some decades. In the period 1990 to 1997 for example the occupation in fishing decreased/went back around 19% and in the processing around 10% within the European Union. That corresponded to a loss of approximately 60,000 jobs. The process is differently distributed; while for example in Denmark the contraction process ran still faster and was also clear in Spain, the numbers rose in Greece.

The GFP must react thereby to changing market conditions. Supermarkets are nowadays the principal clients for fish and require even and uniform supplies. The sales of fresh fish fell in the last years, the demand to finished fish and finished courts in the last years constantly rose. 60% of the fish consumed in the European Union come from outside of the union. The competitive ability of the European Union fishery industry suffers from over-capacities at fishing equipment and decreases fish existence.

Fishing has direct influence on the existence of fish and sea fruits; besides it in addition, still different sea animals such as birds, in the sea affects living mammals or sign turning red. On the bottom of the sea living aquatic plants can be damaged by Schleppnetze; Retaining or overfishing of a certain existence affects the sea animals, which likewise nourish themselves of him. Aquacultures can produce and save large quantities of pollutants the danger that from them from diseases on the wildly living fish turn into.

In addition, the fish existence are endangered from other human activities. Waste water, which flows from the country into the sea, oil losses of ships, tourism, industrielle activities and oil promoting. In certain regions also seals or birds are important robbers.

Ecological, social one and economic meaning of aquacultures

Fish farms represent at the fastest increasing sector of the world food production. 1997 produced fish farms a third of the world production at fish and sea fruits. They produced 36.050.168 tons in the value of 44,415 Millairden euro in the year. States in the European community played thereby on the world market only a small role, the main production countries were China, Thailand, Indonesia and countries of South America such as Ecuador. To (old) the European Union only 3% of the volume were allotted in the year, and/or 4.3% of the gained value. With some kinds such as Steinbutt, European Aal, mussels, or Forellen the Europeans world market leaders are only. Mainly fish farms breed Forellen, salmon, shells and oysters, for some years also strengthen sea brace and Steinbutt.

In aquacultures within the European Union worked 1995 altogether 85,000 humans, who produced one million tons fish and sea fruits. The most important production countries in the European Union are France (1997: 211.205 tons fish; 387 millions euro conversion, above all oysters and Forellen), Italy (211.919 tons of 357 millions euro conversion, above all Forellen and shells), Spain (233.693 tons of 211 millions euro conversion, above all mussels and Forellen) and the united Kingdom of (128.525 ton, 384 millions euro conversion, particularly in Scotland of bred salmon). Germany gained 99 millions euro conversion (above all Forellen and carp) in the time with 59,069 tons, Austria with 4,274 tons of 12 millions euro conversion (almost exclusively Forellen). Most employees were busy with 24.000 in Spain, before 15.000 in France, 10,000 in Italy and scarcely 8,000 in Germany. In Austria scarcely 800 humans in aquacultures worked in the time. Within the European Union methods and organization forms of the farms are various: only connecting factor over the whole continent away, is that the production numbers in the last decades rapidly rose, for example quadrupled itself salmon production between 1988 and 1997, rose the Forellenprouktion, around nearly 60%. At the same time the prices sank easily. Mac Alister Elliott and of partner Ltd.: Forward Study OF Community Aquaculture. (English). Provides September 1999 on behalf the you acct advice for fishery and the affairs of sea of the European commission. Contents of the study correspond to the opinion of the author, not the commission. On-line one also as: pdf file

Since 1971 the European community fish farms promoted the advancement programs in the inland, however in the following years was gradually expanded. Support program of the European Union for fish farms run similarly in principle as other support programs for industry, pay however special attention to technical and ecological problems, which develop if large fish concentrations at a place rise. The industry suffers under the fact that the demand is very variable. With aquacultures it near the coast comes besides often to conflicts with the tourism. Both the health and environmental condition are substantial. In the closely settled cultures diseases can spread faster, are connected the cultures with open waters or lie like naval cultures directly in the sea, exist the danger that the diseases jump over also on the game existence. The generous preventive treatment with medicines saves the danger that fast resistances develop with the pathogens.

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