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A chain (of latin catena, old-high-German ketina, medium high-German ketene) is a row from mobile, engaged or with joints connected members made of metal.
The history of the chain began as decoration, in the Bronzezeit (2. Millenium before Christ) link chains were carried as decoration. Afterwards many scholars with the chain, so also the Greek mechanic Philon von Byzanz in its books Mechanike Syntaxis or also Leonardo da Vinci (1452 to 1519) in his designs of the four-bar chains were concerned often outlined, which are very similar to the block and Flyerkette spread today. A pumping station for pumping large qu with link chain became already in the 1. Century before Christ built by the Roman architect and engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio. The Englishman pH. White received an early patent to 1634 for the first iron anchor cable. In the year 1813 Th designed. Brunten a link chain with bar members. Their meaning achieved the chain however only with the using of the Industralisierung. The Frenchman Galle invented 1829 the Gallkette designated after him and Swiss H. Renold acquired 1880 in England the patent for the steel four-bar chain. Afterwards the chain continued its triumphant advance, it in the mining industry, in the agriculture and everywhere was otherwise used, since it was available now by the industrielle manufacturing in large quantities.
With the designs of the chains one differentiates into simple chains for subordinated purposes and with respect to steel four-bar chains.
With ring chains it acts around chain those out of into one another seizing rings exists itself, whose ends are not always connected. They often find use as decoration or Zierketten
The link chain is the simplest kind of chain, with which the usually oval track links are directly engaged. Link chains find e.g. as lifting chains in cranes and as slinging means use. The ends of the rings are usually interconnected by a suitable procedure. (DIN 765, 766, 685 etc.). The members are usually added by means of the blunt and/or the flash-butt welding. This procedure ensures a firmness of the welding seam, which corresponds to that of the basic material and/or still exceeds these.
It is prevented a special form of the link chain, with which the eye center is strengthened by a bar, that tightening the eye and thus determining the connection with the next members. Stegketten are used typically as anchor cables.
Chandelier chains are compound from punched members, which consist usually of Messingblech from 0,5 to 0.8 mm thickness. It only begun for subordinated cases, so e.g. for the discharge plug of bath tubs.
It above all steel four-bar chains as driving chains for the transmission of torques used (see chain drive), isolated find it also to use as conveyor chains. An extension of the chain drive is e.g. the chain network spread at bicycles.
Four-bar chains are differentiated according to the kind of the connection between the track links.
During this simplest execution of a four-bar chain turn the lax ones on pins, which riveted or splinted are. These chains are called also Gallketten, after the inventor Galle (1761-1841).
With the socket chain the internal lax one sits on a socket, which is on the pin. the additional joint reduces the wear.
The roller chain attained the largest meaning and spreading in the technology. The internal lax ones sit on a socket, which is on the pin. The outside lax ones sit directly on the pin. Between the internal lax ones is a case on the pin. This case is called role and serves the wear and noise reduction. Application finds it particularly in chain drives, e.g. at the bicycle or motorcycle, as well as in many drives at machines.
Besides there are also various special designs, e.g. Rotarykette with that the roller link plates of the first pin as externallax on the next pin seize, only one type of lax are thus needed.
The lamella chain has particularly small wire-like members and reached thereby special flexibility. Transverse to the chain length arranged, mobile lamellas serve in the stepless transmission into the changing tooth distances from taper hub washers to to seize (see chain drives, CVI and PIV).
The inverted-tooth chain is a positive looping impulse. It intervenes with its tooth-lax in the teeth of the chain wheels. This taking over the traction power. A substantial design feature is the 2teilige cradle joint. When bending the track links and unreel the two Gelenkzapfen weigh one on the other. The inverted-tooth chain is admits for their noiseless run and internationally also as silent chain is designated.
Flyerketten are verwendent as lifting chains in cranes and lifting witnesses. They consist only of lax ones and pins and can transfer no torques.
Rotaryketten are a modification of roller chains, however with this design excluding bent lax ones are used. The bent lax ones give a large elasticity to the chain, so that load impacts are well caught.
Flat-top chains, are conveyor chains from plates with hinges are connected exist. They are not used for the transport from to heavy bulks.
Disk band chains consist of a basis roller chain with steel plates eye-brought or attached plastic plates.
With the Multiflexketten it acts around plastic chains by a joint is connected. The substantial advantage is in the possibility of accomplishing both circling and diagonal promotion in a Stang.
With chaining or track vehicles the wheels on a track, a circulating number of chain-like connected plates run. By thus the soil contact area much larger opposite wheels the vehicle achieves a better road grip with at the same time smaller edition pressure and can in otherwise hard-to-travel area better be maneuvered. Some tracked vehicles use a circulating volume, usually from rubber, as "chain" also which is provided with a profile. These chains damage the underground contrary to steel link chains not and are more economical to finished (only 1 part) (see also chain pads).
In the structure a is similar to the roller chain of a chain drive. Their members can be moved over a gear wheel present within the chain circle. Additionally a possesses however measurer-like points/teeth, which so-called chisels, arranged outward, with which the can plane off wood with the circulation over a so-called sword and implement thus the sawing cut. Specification see under chaining or power saw.
see roller cage
Chains to the decoration of humans consist usually of precious metals and/or further materials such as beads, Korallen, jewels etc.
Depending on how and where the chain is carried, one differentiates a chain with certain member form between Halsketten, arm chains, clock chains etc. as tank track however designated.
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