Professor Dr. Carl Paul Gottfried of Lime tree (* 11 June 1842 in village, Upper Franconia; "† 16 November 1934 in Munich) was a German engineer, inventor and a founder of a today international company, the lime tree AG.

Life and work

Lime tree began 1861 a study at the polytechnic institute Zurich, where Rudolf Clausius, Gustav Zeuner and Franz Reuleaux were its teachers. 1864 it terminated its study. Reuleaux arranged a training place in the cotton factory Kottern in Berlin, which he began in the same year for it. It was however only short time, before it pulled to Munich, in order to work as a technical designer at the locomotive factory Krauss.

1866 he married Helen Grimm: from the marriage six children followed. 1868 it followed a call of the poly-technical school Munich, where he became first - with only 26 years - an extraordinary professor, 1872 then tidy professor for mechanical engineering. At the polytechnic institute lime tree furnished a Maschinenlabor, at which among other things Rudolf Diesel was trained.

1871 published lime tree an essay over improved refrigeration technology procedures. Many breweries were interested in it, and soon lime tree supplied them with the new machines, on which it constantly worked.

Lime tree created substantial bases of the modern refrigeration technology. 1871 it conceived a refridgerator working with Methylether, it let which manufacture in engine works Augsburg (today MAN AG). The second, 1876 following generation of worked with ammonia. The principle of the cooling of gas, which had carried mechanical work out before, was common to both.

A price writing out for a cooling system for crystallizing paraffin was 1873 for the university teacher the incentive for the building of a which permitted the fermentation when beer brewing at constant temperature. Breweries in completely Europe (so turners in Triest, the Mainzer Actien Bierbrauerei, spade in Munich, Heineken in the Netherlands, Carl mountain in Denmark) were interested promptly in the new refrigeration technology.

On 21 June 1879 the inventor gave his teaching profession up and called with two Brauern and three other founders the "society for lime tree' s ice machines AG" in the life (today lime tree AG). After relatively short time the enterprise was prominent in Europe in coolingtechnical area, also favours by a mild winter 1883/1884. It came therefore to a scarceness with nature ice, which was used for cooling the barley juice in beer cellars. Past reservations of the Brauer against the Kunsteis melted there, were suddenly in demand and lime tree supplied immediately.

Cold-storage depots for food and several ice works lime tree gradually even let build. But also on ice skating rinks, in dairies and with the liquefaction of chlorine and carbonic acid its procedure was in demand. The company flourished, to 1890 withdrew themselves lime tree from the operational business into the supervisory board of its corporation. In the years 1892 to 1910 it took its Professur.

On the basis of the work of James Prescott joule, Sir William Thomson (lord Kelvin OF Largs) and the introduction of the countercurrent process lime tree could liquefy 1895 for the first time larger quantities of air (lime tree procedures). Thus it created the possibilities for physical very low-temperature investigations and for the separation of the air components by fractionated distillation. 1901 followed the establishment of a plant for the production of oxygen and (starting from 1903) nitrogen.

Lime tree was member more scientifically and engineer combinations, among other things it belonged to the Kuratorium of the physical-technical institute for realm and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. He was raised from the Bavarian king Ludwig II into the not hereditary nobility. Lime tree was 1916 the first winner of the Siemens ring.

Starting from 1910 lime tree withdrew itself sons as a director of its in the meantime tremendously successful corporation and passed it on to his Friedrich and Richard. The world economic crisis of 1929 shifted the lime tree AG a strong impact; the enterprise recovered however, and the profits caught already to rise, before lime tree died 1934 at the age of 92 years.

Lime tree procedure

See major items to to lime tree the procedure.

The lime tree procedure is one of Carl von Linde developed technical method for the liquefaction of air. Sucked in air is compressed, the warmth developing thereby is dissipated by a water cooling. Thereupon air is again eased, whereby it cools down due to the joule Thomson effect. With a pressure gradient from 200 to 20 bar a cooling takes place from approximately 45 Kelvin. This cooled down air precools following compressed air, which precools next following air a counter current against the current. The continuous repetition leads to the progressive temperature degradation, which has the liquefaction from air finally when falling below its boiling point to the consequence. With the same procedure also hydrogen as well as helium are liquefied, whereby these gases with liquid air must be precooled.

See also

• Refrigerator
• Refridgerator

Related links

• Air liquefaction plant by Dr. Carl von Linde with the German museum

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