Expansion

With such support it succeeded to the company soon to exceed the Portuguese the addresses in Goa and Bombay had created. You succeeded it, to addresses in Surat 1612), let us WAD-race (1639), to create Bombay (1668) and Calcutta. In the year 1647 the company had 23 Kontore and 90 employees in India. The Hauptkontore became the fortresses away William in Bengalen, away pc. George in WAD-races and Bombay Castle. In the year 1634 the Mogulkaiser extended its hospitality for the English dealers in the region Bengalen (and in the year 1717 he released her completely from the tariffs for goods). The core business of the company were now cotton, silk, Indigo coloring material, Salpeter and Tee. During the entire time it tried to penetrate into the Netherlands spice monopoly in the road of Malakka. In the year 1711 the company established a commercial establishment in canton, China, in order to exchange with dte silver. 1657 renewed olive Cromwell the charter of 1609, and arranged slight changes in the owner structure of the company. The position of the company was increased by the re-establishment of the monarchy in Great Britain. By a succession of 5 law decrees around the year 1670 king Charles equipped II. it with the rights to acquire independently territories to coin/shape money fortresses and troops to befehligen to be received alliances war to explain, peace to close and both civilian and criminal court barness in the acquired areas to exercise. The company, surrounded by commercial competitors, other imperial powers and temporarily hostilely gesinnten native rulers, had an increasing need at military protection. Therefore the liberty was to regulate their military affairs themselves a welcome gift, and the company set up its own armed forces, which it recruited mainly from the native population starting from 1680 rapidly. Thus one can discuss whether the company represents a "nation" starting from 1689 on the Indian mainland, since she was to a large extent sovereign. She administered the enormous areas of Bengalen, WAD-races and Bombay, besides she possessed splendid and reverence-ordering military impact force.

The way to the perfect monopoly

Trade monopoly

The prosperity, which the employees of the company enjoyed, made possible for them, to return to its homeland and to acquire there large fortunes and enterprises, and thus political power to attain. From this following the company developed its own lobby in the parliament. Despite everything it under pressure of ambitious businessmen and earlier partner of the company called by the company interlocutor) came, which wanted to establish likewise private commercial firms in India. This led to the Verabschiedung of a Deregulierungsgesetzes 1694. This law made it possible to each English company to act with India if it was forbidden by a parliament law not expressly. Thereby the charter was waived, which had been almost 100 years into force. A new "parallel" east India company (officially English company Trading ton the East Indies called) was brought by a law of 1698 into being, which had a national endorsement of 2 million Pound. But soon the powerful shareholders of the old company for 315.000 Pound acquired portions of the new company and controlled the society. The two societies competed a time long both in England and in India around market shares. Fast it became however clear that the original society felt hardly measurable competition. Both societies fused in the year 1702 under a three-lateral agreement between the state and the two societies. According to the present agreement the fused society borrowed a sum of 3.200.000 Pound to the Treasury and received in response for three years exclusive commercial laws - afterwards the situation should again be examined. The merged society became the United company OF Merchants OF England Trading ton the East Indies (society of the dealers of England, who act with east India) combined.

In the following decades developed back and forth between the lobby of the east India company and the parliament. The company tried to establish their privileges durably while the parliament did not want to give voluntarily the possibility up of taxing away the profits of the company. In the year 1712 a law renewed the status of the company, but the commitments were paid back. In the year 1720 15% of the British imports came from India, and almost all of it were completed over the east India company. This strengthened the influence of its lobby. In the year 1730 the license was extended by a recent law until 1766.

This time Great Britain and France became embittered rivals, and it came to frequent engagements between them around control of its colonial acquisitions. In the year 1742 the British government was afraid the financial effects of a war and agreed the expansion of the trade monopoly of the east India company with India until 1783. In response it received a further credit from one million Pound. The engagements flowed in the feared war, and between 1754 and 1763 the seven-year-old war directed the national attention on the reinforcement and defense of its territories in Europe and North America. The war took place also on the Indian Subkontinent, between the troops of the east India company and French armed forces. At the same time Great Britain won a lead over the European rivals by the arrival of the industriellen revolution. The demand for Indian raw materials was pushed by the need of the economy and for the maintenance of the troops in times of war. As starting point of the industriellen revolution England experienced a higher standard of living, and this cycle from prosperity, demand and production had profound influence on the overseas trade. The east India company became the largest individual participant in the British world trade, and reserved themselves an indisputable position in the decision-making processes of the government.

Colonial monopoly

The war ended with a defeat of the French armed forces and limited the French imperial ambitions. Also the defeat limited the influence of the industriellen revolution in the French areas. Robert Clive, the governor general of India, led back the east India company to a remarkable victory against Joseph Dupleix, the commander of the Frenchmen into India, and conquered away pc. George of these. By the contract of Paris (1763) the Frenchmen were forced, their trade by small enclaves in Pondicherry, Karaikal, to complete Yanam and Chandannagar without military operational readiness level. Although these small outguards for two centuries in French possession remained burying the French ambitions on Indian areas in fact. Thereby a larger potenzieller competitor was saved to the east India company. In contrast to it the east India company was after this kolossalen victory and with the support of its disciplined and experienced army in the layer, their influence auszudehen of far.

Local resistance

The east India company experienced however further resistance of native rulers. Robert Clive led the armed forces of the company against Siraj Ud Daulah, which had French support, in the battle of Plassey 1757 to the victory. Thereby it eliminated the last considerable resistance in Bengalen. This victory alienated the British and the Mogulkaiser, who Siraj had served as autonomous rulers. But the Mogulkaiserreich was after the death of Aurangazeb already in the fall and broke in the consequence in pieces and enclaves. After the battle of Buxar the only formally dominant emperor, to Shah over Alam, handed the administrative laws over Bengalen, Bihar and Orissa. Thus Clive became the first British governor von Bengalen. Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan, the legendary rulers of Mysore, made the life heavy for the British. They had allied themselves with the Frenchmen and continued their fight against the company with the four wars of Mysore. Mysore was finally taken 1799 by the British. Tipu was killed. With the gradual Mach loss of the Maratha Imperiums in the consequence of the war with the Englishmen this Bombay and its environment secured themselves. With these campaigns Arthur Wellesley, the later duke of Wellington, the first time its abilities, proved which finally led to his victory in Spain and in the battle of Waterloo. Particularly remarkable meeting of armed forces under its command was the battle of Assaye. With it the British secured themselves the entire southern India (with exception of the French enclaves and some native rulers), west India as well as east India. The last remnants of the local administration were limited to the northern regions around Delhi, Oudh, Rajputana and Punjab, where the operational readiness level of the company continued to expand always in the midst of the local arguments and doubtful protection offers on the part of the company. Threats and diplomacy prevented that the native rulers could itself against the company groups. The hundred years between the victory in the battle from Plassey to the September Oy rebellion 1857 were a lucky time for the company, which developed from a commercial company ever more to a nation.

See also

• Opiumkriege
• First Opiumkrieg
• Second Opiumkrieg
• Contract of Nanking
• Hong Kong
• Unequal contracts

Articles in category "British east India company [2 / 2]"

We found here 41 articles.