The expression banker (from more banquier) designates the personally responsible owner of a private bank. It necessarily for the practise of the profession beside the necessary private possession a written permission Federal Institution for supervision of financial service - BAFin - after "§"§ 32, 33 KWG and must prove its suitability and capability. The term is partly used today into extended senses also for the members of the board than finance companies of the led banks. The difference between a "banker" and a "Banker" became e.g. from Dr. h.c. Ludwig Poullain, former boss of the WestLB, in its "Ungehaltenen speech" put out:

"Which constitutes the difference between a banker and a The banker was a distinguished man, no distinguished door, he was thus a gentleman, who controlled the art and the patience of listening and like that sovereign was, its own opinion by what he took up to correct. It granted time to the councellors, and it took the concerns of those, which entrusted themselves it, seriously. He was not a man of the fast money making, but looked for his use in the stability of a relationship.

A Banker against it is a global universal. He everything, it does not white only know also everything better; for instance of expirations in production and dispatch, of research and development, thus of things, from which he can know as standard equipment only little. If it formed once an opinion, it is certain It is not discussable any longer. Dearest it operates only under equaldressed. Maintained table customs and strict attention of the rules of the label are considered to him as a sign of highly developed culture. "(Dr. h.c. Ludwig Poullain, FAZ from 16 July 2004)

For the end of the Middle Ages, when the first banks developed, this occupation was in Europe to a large extent Jews reserved, since to take the Christians was forbidden to interest. Here later also the fact played a role that bankers can only exist, if they make good profits in good times, because they must accept substantial losses in bad times.

From the wealth some fewer Jews, and obligatory not always very friendly behavior of creditors opposite defaulting debtors, developed thereby, agitate also some the prejudices, which had some opposite Jews and partly today to still have.

With the improvement of the education systems, the introduction from partly relatively hard laws to the protection of contracts, and the omission of many religious conceptions, however also increases Nichtjuden in this range successfully. Driving many out Jewish bankers by the national socialists might have caused concerned a Brain drain not insignificant for the states.

Private banks

The most well-known today still active and private banks in family estate are M.M. Warburg & CO, Hamburg; Banking house Metzler, Frankfurt; Hauck & Frankfurt; Sal. Oppenheim, Cologne; Banking house lamp, Bielefeld, Berenberg bank, Hamburg; bank, Braunschweig.

Besides it also some banks, which call themselves as private banks, gives to be led partly also by personally responsible partners, but to a large extent in the possession of large joint-stock banks are. To these for example the banking house Bethmann Maffei belongs in Frankfurt/Main, which is in the possession of the ABN Amro bank.

Persons

As if well-known bankers apply the Rothschilds, by the fact that her in 19. Century at the same time in Frankfurt, London, Vienna, Paris and Neapel were active, by recessions caused losses in a country by profits of the other banking houses easily to compensate could. Besides they often possessed an information projection/lead, which brought in with some business large profits for them.

Further private bankers are among other things:

• Hermann of Beckerath (1801-1870)
• Simon Moritz of Bethmann (1769-1826)
• August von Finck sen. (1898-1980)
• William of Finck (1848-1924)
• Anton Fugger (1493-1560)
• Jakob Fugger (1459-1525)
• August of the Heydt (1801-1874)
• Friedrich Metzler (1749-1825)
• Friedrich of Metzler (*1943)
• John Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913)
• Jacques Necker (1732-1804)
• Abraham of Oppenheim (1804-1878)
• Joseph sweetly Oppenheimer (1698-1738)
• George von Siemens (1839-1901)
• Johann Friedrich (1728-1816)
• Fritz von Waldthausen (1887-1957)
• Max being castle

Literature

• Erich figure eight brook, Maximilial Mueller Jabusch (1964): Life pictures of German bankers from five centuries. Frankfurt/M.: Scarcely.

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