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Bulk marks everything that can be transported at the piece, in logistics for example crates, loaded pallets, machines or components, cable, paper or Blechrollen and barrels. The international designation is package, majority packages (often also Colli). It is derived from the French Colis.
The terms bulk and general cargo are used frequently as synonym pair of words. During general cargo however the consolidation from goods stream to the increase of the weight or space utilization of means of transport, particularly in forwarding businessal describes, is the term of the bulk in the context of goods traffic systems of the level of the object size to be assigned.
After the railway reform tariff of 1877 the bulk apart from the express goods and the carload lot represented its own account criterion. For the transportation of goods by road a legal-definition demarcation of the bulk of charge traffic was to 4 of the Kraftverkehrsordnung (KVO) for the long-distance haulage with motor vehicles regarding the kind of dispatching in "§, with respect to which between the delivery for the loading (bulk) or order of a vehicle (charge traffic) one differentiated. By the law of carriage reform to 1 July 1998 this demarcation, which would be still possible in the framework today for practiced forwarding businessal service concepts probably hardly, became obsolet.
Bulk can be transported on plank bed car, closed truck, in containers or in the loading space by airplanes and requires no special transport containers.
No bulk is for example liquid charge or is gases, which are pumped without own container to the transport vehicles. Sand, coal, grain and comparable solids are measurement, pouring or suction property.
Bulk in former times on and in bulk railroad cars transported, today uses one for this nearly only containers, which can be transported in different means of transport simply.
The size of bulk lies usually between what a fork-lift truck can transport, and which dimensions of a 40-Fuss-Containers and/or the loading area of a truck. However larger dimensions are inevitably, if the respective package in individual parts transportable and only cannot be mounted at the place of work, for example in the case of turbines for power stations.
During the size demarcation is in principle the arrangement of 1877 in addition, today still in the transportation of goods by road by the segments parcel service, bulk traffic and charge traffic given. In the last years the transportation market continued to itself differentiate, so that today the market cannot be divided into the ranges courier, express and parcel service (KEP), danger property, temperature controlled goods, food, hanging goods and the market by manageable and manageable bulks. The arrangement of the transportation market regarding these weight limits and the number of users clarifies illustration 1.
With the dimension of bulks there is contrary to the clearly defined weight and size masses with the parcel services (particularly with multinational integrator) no certain limit values. The weight limits are grown frequently historically and coined/shaped by old, no longer valid laws and regulations. With the lower bound of bulks there is no uniform opinion. It is rather in the transient area to the courier, express and parcel services to fasten (KEP) as well as multinational integrator. The weight range under 20 kg is arranged by the Postgesetz (PostG) into "§ 4 clearly into a letter area and a package range. All other weight limits are not legally fixed (more). The national KEP market orients itself predominantly at the 31.5 kg border with one rise up to partly 40 kg and/or 50 kg for standard endings. The same development is to be observed also with integrator, with which a weight rise of 31,5 kg on maximally 68 kg and/or 70 kg is to be observed. The Federal association a minimum weight of 50kg recommends forwarding business and logistics (BSL), and/or with unpalettiert taken over goods 1,000 kg per load meter. In forwarding business practice clearance rates with minimum weights from national 50 kg to internationally 200 kg are usual. As upper limit can be found in the literature weights from 1.500 to 3,000 kg. While the lower limit lets a missing discrimination assume rather for the distinction of direct collection respectable to direct feed, by many forwarding businesses a weight of 2.500 kg is published, which are set also in the official statistics with commercial long-distance traffic. The price recommendations of the BSL set an upper limit of 3000 kg with bulks.
By bulk thus a transmission can be understood, which between senders and receiver in the house house traffic is carried, and a weight between 50 kg and 2,500 kg has, which permissible pay load used vehicle both from the volume and from the weight not completely uses and thus i.d.R. with other transmissions together one carries.
Frequently a supply consists to a customer of several individual parts. These are combined into the better handling in transport to larger packages, packed approximately in cardboards. These packages are finally shipped as pieces which can be handled individually for example into a truck and unloaded at the customer again.
The number of packages is usually indicated on the waybill. Only this, not contents of the packages, can be examined and should not by the carrier when loading - he is responsible usually for lost gone commodity, should be safe also everything to have packed up.
For the examination of the completeness of a supply on the delivery note the number of packages is usually indicated. So a first check for completeness can be accomplished immediately and guaranteed after unloading that for example no package on the truck was forgotten. This in the operational framework regularly resulting examination should not be missed in the private sector at appropriate opportunity likewise, for example with the supply by a furniture house - otherwise it could be that those arrive for the setting up the cabinet necessary screws only after repeated telephone complaint three days later.
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