Building of municipalities in Austria a block of flats of the local social housing construction is called.

History

Buildings of municipalities became for the 1920er years an important component of the architecture and culture of Vienna. To 1918 the housing conditions for the fast growing population of worker of the large city were insufficient. The social-democratic party of Austria governing in the first republic (1918-1934) in so-called red Vienna began a project for the improvement of the life circumstances for workers. A large number of buildings of municipalities, usually large housing estates, in this time were built. The principal purpose was establishing housing estates, which made healthy living conditions possible for their inhabitants. Including the objects finished after 1934 so 64,000 dwellings with dwelling for approximately 220,000 inhabitants developed. The dwellings were assigned in accordance with a point system, which preferred families and income-weak citizens. During the municipality dwellings the municipalities themselves arise as an owner and as landlords contrary to cooperative dwellings. Typically the building of municipalities was rather in social-democratic dominated municipalities present, while in the municipalities which can be added to the rather the buildings are accomplished by cooperatives.

During the February rebellion 1934 their fortress-like structure was actually militarily used, as in the Karl Marx yard, the largest and most famous building of municipalities of Vienna, which was strongly damaged however with the fights.

Characteristics

The classical buildings of municipalities of intermediate wartime are typically in block wing tip edge building implemented. In the relatively splendid looking side a large gate entry leads into a yard, which is arranged as green belt with playgrounds. The entrance to the dwellings takes place from the inner court.

The plants of building of municipalities have (t) EN often also mechanisms like urban library, day-nursery, laundry, auditorium or child open-rir swimming pool. Prime examples for megaresidential complexes with many auxiliary offers are the sand direction yard in 16. (over 4000 inhabitants!), above already mentioned the Karl Marx yard in 19. and the Rabenhof in the 3. Municipality district.

The plants from this time carry also today still remarkable boards with a text of the form complex of residential buildings of the municipality Vienna established in the years 1925 to 1927 from the means for that housing-expensively.

Many buildings of municipalities predominantly carry names, apart from some geographical designations for family names. Beside general freedom fighters George Washington were honoured before all famous socialists and Social Democrat (Karl Marx, Olof palm), in addition, less admitted local party officials.

Postwar development

After 1945 further buildings of municipalities were built. Their architectural style adapted the respective time. Into the 1970er years developed typical multistoried building settlements, like the large field settlement in Leopoldau.

Today approximately 600,000 inhabitants, approximately a third of the inhabitants of Vienna, live in buildings of municipalities, which no more all has the character of subsidized low-rent housings.

Buildings of municipalities in the Popkultur

The Viennese buildings of municipalities perpetuated in the popular culture, e.g. of Wolfgang Ambros in its song flower from the building of municipalities. Mundl, the main figure of a genuine Viennese goes down not, lives in a building of municipalities in favorites, and the well-known TV serial Blues plays it in a building of municipalities in of the television Dokumentarserie of ORF at the scene also often goes around the "life feeling" the community center inhabitant, who pretty often an own subculture, a kind Mikrokosmos, "city in the city" to form.

Literature

• H. and R. Hautmann, the buildings of municipalities red Vienna, 1980
• A. Lichtblau, Wiener housing policy 1892-1919, 1984 ISBN 3900351333
• Helmut Weihsmann, red Vienna. Social-democratic architecture and local government policy 1919-34, 1985 ISBN 3-85371-181-2
• E. Bramhas, the Viennese building of municipalities. From the Karl Marx yard to the hundred-water one hundred, 1987 ISBN 3764317973

See also

• Social housing construction
• Bassena
• Child open-rir swimming pool
• Red Vienna

Related links

• http://www.suf.at/wien/gebauede/gemeindebau.htm
• http://www.roteswien.at/

Articles in category "Building of municipalities"

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