Muhammad Anwar as-Sadat (Arab (* 25 December 1918 in with Abul kum, a village in the Nile delta; "† 6 October 1981 in Cairo) was an Egyptian statesman. Beside wet and other one he was joint founder of the secret federation of the free officers, since the coup d'etat 1952 dressed he high offices. As a successor Nassers it became 1970 president. Sadat loosened the diktatorische regime, led Egypt into the October war 1973, loosened the country from the close connection to the Soviet Union and closed 1979 peace with Israel. For its efforts in peace peacetime with Israel it received the Nobel peace prize together with Menachem Begin 1978. Sadat fell an assassination attempt to the victim, whom opponents of his politics of the reconciliation with Israel committed.

Childhood and youth

Anwar Sadat was born on 25 December 1918 in with Abul kum, a village in the Nile delta, at that time still under the surname Sadati. It was very connected with its homeland, which showed up also in the fact that he gave all proceeds of his biography as well as the prize money of the Nobelpreises to the village. Sadat was always proud on his rural origin and stressed that he was original fellah (farmer). Some critics accused to him however to instrumentalisieren this descent for political reasons.

Sadat buildup with his 13 brothers and sisters in with Abul kum with his grandmother, while its father, Mohammed Mohammed el-Sadaty with his second Mrs. Kheirallah in the Sudan lived, where he worked at a British medical troop as an interpreter. Sadat felt obviously in the village community well, where he learned basic values of living together such as neighbourhood assistance, respect for older ones, in addition, traditional values and Apart from this feeling of security experienced he in addition, illness, poverty and illiteratism. These early impressions were reflected in its later social politics again, in which it exerted itself for arm welfare service, a good health system and education for all. 1924, with six years, he referred a dwelling in the Kairoer suburb Kubri el-Kubba with his father.

Sadat, the revolutionary

The following years in Cairo were for Sadat coined/shaped of the search. After Sadat short time had been interested in the looking plaything and also in roles applied, it decided finally nevertheless for the entrance into the army, which enjoyed a high reputation at this time. With some difficulties it created it to the military academy to be taken up which it left after a short training course of nine months in February 1938 as a second lieutenant of the infantry.

After its dismissal of the military academy he married the daughter of the local chief of with Abul Kum Eqbal Affifi. To germinate it shifted in the Kairoer suburb mA' adi to a signal unit and here began its political interest. And this meant above all that frustration grew over the status of Egypt as quasi-vassal state of Great Britain in it. He found it infuriating that Egypt was dependent on a monarchy, was not Egyptian and that the Egyptian politicians would tolerate and even legitimized the British crew.

Sadat had come to the conviction that Egypt could be released only by force both from the Englishmen and from the corrupt government of that time. In addition it wanted to form an organization within the armed forces around the revolution to implement. During its stationing in Manquabad he found some Gleichgesinnte. At this time it meets Gamal Abdel of wet also for the first time. 1939 were based then the first secret organization of military, which called itself and by wet was led "The Free Officers ".

The Second World War out and also Egypt became about at the same time fallow the combat scene. The sympathies of the Egyptians were thereby on sides of the Germans, which the hated British fought and with whom one, for lack of opportunity, had made never bad experiences. Also Sadat, who was shifted in the summer 1941 after Marsa Matruh, was fascinated of this man. But with it it did not remain with the bare admiration for the enemy of its enemy, it forged secretly plans, as one could make oneself the Germans useful. It came into contact with a secret federation within the Egyptian Air Force, a whose goal was it to take up contact with the Germans and to drive the British out with their assistance. Sadat became member of this troop and it actually came to a conspiracy attempt with two German feeler gauges. Sadat should be helpful these to transfer a transmitter in the British. That Komplott flew up and Sadat by the British state police was arrested. It was brought to 1942 first in the foreigner prison in Cairo and shifted then at the end of into a prison in the 260 kilometers southern Minieh.

In October 1944 it succeeded to flee Sadat from a military hospital, after it had spent two years in different prisons. From now on it had to live as a refugee in the underground. The years of the arrest had not passed without trace Sadat. In the prison he had to deliberate himself much time upon itself and think about the sense of the life. Although it was isolated from its group now, it did not stop feeling as part of this community and believing far in the goal of the revolution.

After his escape, which was war terminated, Sadat became the political fighter, as a goal still the removal of the British before eyes. It involved itself into different Mordkomplotts against the Egyptian which co-operated with British crew power. The first goal of the conspirators was Nahhas Pasha, the leader of the Wafd government, that had been installed with the help of a British ultimatum 1942. When an assassination attempt failed on it, amine Osman, also a member of the government Nahhas, became the next target. This time the notice, Osman succeeded on 6 January 1946 was shot. Sadat and its accomplices were seized and arrested.

Sadat waited two years for his process, which took place starting from January 1948 and stressed 84 meetings. Critics call it farce. The chairman Richter of the Kollegiums, which finally acquitted eleven of the accused including Sadat, should later from its hands the highest Egyptian honor, which receive "‚Nile chain'.

Sadat becomes a president

On 1 July 1953 the Republic of Egypt was proclaimed. King Faruq went on 26 July 1953 into the exile and from now on had the revolutionary command advice, like the guidance advice of the free officers now called itself, saying. After some internal debates Egypt was explained in March 1953 as the republic. Ali Muhammad Nagib was appointed the first president and many members of the revolutionary command advice became Ministers, wet dressed the post of the Minister of the Interior.

Sadat did not receive ministerial positions, some from the revolutionary guidance faced him sceptically. Sadat became first publisher of the daily paper "Gumhuriyeh ", which functioned as language pipe of the revolutionary command advice. After the combination from Egypt and Syria to United Arabic Republic 1958 was appointed Sadat the speaker of the common parliament. This mechanism proved however as illusion and disintegrated already 1961 again. 1966 were selected Sadat to the speaker of the Egyptian parliament.

The year 1967 brought a catastrophic defeat with the six-day war for the Arab states and with it concomitantly for Egypt. After the Suizid of the Egyptian Secretary of Defense Abdel Hakim Amer only Hussein Shafei, Zakarah Mohieddin and Anwar el-Sadat remained of the revolutionary command advice. Wetter worked around the clock on the reconstruction of the army and the country. Wetter Sadat before its takeoff swore in to the Arab summit conference in Rabat than vices-president. In this position Sadat up to Nassers remained death on 28 September 1970. Sadat took over now the office for president kommissarisch, how it was intended by the condition also. After this there should be a transition period of 60 days, in which by an opinion poll a new president should be determined. On 15 October 1970 Sadat was confirmed as a new president of the Egyptian republic by a popular vote, he received 90 per cent of the voices.

The long way to the peace

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