Alfred Bernhard Nobel (* 21 October 1833 in Stockholm; "† 10 December 1896 in San Remo) was a Swedish chemist and inventor. Up to its death it kept altogether 355 patents awarded.

Youth and training

As a child Nobel came after 1837 sank Petersburg, where its father Immanuel Nobel had created some metallurgical plants with the help of the Russian government and the Russian army supplied. Already at the age of 17 years Nobel controlled five languages, which made its later journeys for him possible. 1859 it returned with its father to Stockholm.

In Stockholm Nobel enjoyed first-class training owing to the prosperity of its father by private teachers. Apart from his chemistry and physics studies he was particularly interested in English literature, which his father - who considered him introvertiert - displeased and it therefore for two years abroad sent.

Nobel visited Sweden, Germany, France and the United States in rapid consequence. In Paris he did not become acquainted with thereby Ascanio Sobrero, which had discovered three years before nitroglycerin, it however due to his danger as practice-suited described.

The development of the dynamite

Nobel showed up interested in the invention very and arranged since 1862 its efforts to introduce nitroglycerin as explosive into the technology. In order to blow up it cleanly, it developed 1863 the

With Nobels experiments with nitroglycerin it came to several explosions; with an explosion 1864, with which its laboratory flew to air, its brother Emil and further persons died. Due to the danger the authorities forbade further experiments with nitroglycerin to it within Stockholm, so that Nobel had to shift its laboratory after in Germany. Regardless of its Nobel succeeded in the same year the mass production of nitroglycerin, with which it however likewise came to a number of consequence-fraught accidents.

In order to reduce the danger of nitroglycerin with equal lasting explosive yield, Nobel then with different Additiva, experimented. 1866 succeeded to it by adding Kieselgur the production of the dynamite; the procedure could be patented Nobel 1867.

The successful years

Since the need at a safer and nevertheless effective explosive was large at this time also due to the bloom time of the diamond fever, Nobel could develop a fortune by its invention fast. Its companies supplied nitroglycerin products to Europe, America and Australia. Nobel constantly traveled, in order to sell its products. It possessed over 90 dynamite factories in all world.

The removal to Italy

Apart from its journeys Nobel researched also further with explosives. 1875 it developed the blowing up gel, 1887 could it the Ballistit (smoke-weak powder) be patented. Nobel offered the invention only to the French government, that rejected however, since it had prospect on a nearly smokeless powder already in the development. Thereupon Nobel offered the invention to the Italians, who bought these immediately. In France Nobel became thereupon brought in the press with espionage in connection, he was arrested and its permission for accomplishing experiments him was extracted. In consequence of these events Nobel pulled 1891 after San Remo.

Nobels attitude to the war

Nobels inventions were not least for the war guidance of substantial importance, about what also Nobel realized itself. The wealth of its father justified itself above all also on the Krimkrieg and the war of secession at those these with the production of mines earned. It is unclear whether Nobel saw the military or the civilian (mining industry use with the development as drive for its work.

1878 accepted Bertha of Suttner on Nobels job advertisement the place of a secretary, left it however already after one week again. It became later an important Friedensaktivistin and probably coined/shaped constant exchange of letters with its substantially Nobels later attitude the war.

Since the scientist remained childless, it ordered - to the disappointment some more far away related - that with its fortune by approximately 33.2 million crowns the Nobel donation designated after him was created. Their most important task is the annual award of the Nobelpreise, which are financed from the interest into the present. The prices are lent in the categories, to which Nobel had a special relationship, i.e. physics, chemistry, physiology/medicine, literature and peace efforts. The Nobel peace prize shows Nobels attitude to the war. 1905 were distinguished Bertha of Suttner with this price.

His nephew, the son of its brother Ludvig, was the Russian Emanuel Nobel, the designer of the first diesel ship, the Vandal.

The 1957 in Stockholm Nobel institutes discovered chemical element nobelium after Nobel were designated.

Author

It admits less is that Alfred Nobel wrote also a play: Nemesis, a tragedy in four documents over Beatrice Cenci, following Percy Bysshe Shelley's in verse form of written tragedy "The Cenci", printed as it already in dying lay, which became entire existence however right after its death up to three Expemplare destroyed, since one felt it as scandalous and blasphemisch. The first expenditure was published in May 2003. The piece is not in a mixture from Swedish and Esperanto written, translated into other languages became it so far.

Security Alfred Nobel

The share of first armament makers Alfred Nobels (estimated value: ) knows approx. 180,000 CHF in Security museum in Olten to be visited.

Literature

• Orlando de Rudder: Alfred Nobel (1833-1896). - Paris: 1997
• Rune Olofsson: The dynamite king Alfred Nobel. - Leipzig: Kiepenheuer, 1993. - ISBN 3378005238

Related links

• Alfred Nobel: US patent
• Short Biografie with something chemistry
• Criticism at Nobels invention
• Web operational readiness level of the Nobel donation
• Biografie
• Security museum in Olten

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